Tutorial Response Essay Example for Free

Tutorial Response Essayhebdomad 6Referring to Christopher Pierson password of Offes work, explain the three management crises of the KWS.Offe (1984) points place that the present Keynesian Welfare System is a form of crisis management however within the scheme are three management crises the exit of sustaining the funding for the upkeep of the benefit system, then the issue of administrative will position were it battles betwixt providing humane wellbeing programs and the issue of account great power. Lastly the issue of popular distrust of the severalises proclivity to help groups who it wants too rather than helping all(prenominal) citizens in need. 2. Marginson discusses commercialize liberals (New Right) views on the failures of the KWS and their proposals for addressing them. Explain their views.The commercialise liberals said that KWS failed because the authorities had too much control over the economy of the country. They felt that too much spending of the pol itics had distorted the market forces of the economy. The generous employment logic is damaging to the market since it distorts the truth about unemployment rates but is harmful to the economic market. They have recommended that the political relation remove all of its statute laws limiting the business sector.3. check to Paul Pierson, why has it been difficult for the New Right in the 1970-80s to achieve their retrenchment goals?Although neo-liberals were gaining ground in that accomplishment, the retrenchment goals were non fully achieved because although the costs for keeping the welfare system running was too high, it was not possible for the political relation to reform its welfare programs as it was met with widespread disapproval. Voters were make to be averse of pay cuts and welfare marginalizing than they were of possible equivalent gains if reforms of welfare program was carried out.Week 7 agree to Mishra, globalization is an economic phenomenon driven by politics and ideology (p.1). Explain his meaning.globalization is an economic force that is brought about by neo-liberal politics and ideology. This fashion that the neo-liberals have supported free market relaxation and driven by the ideology of minimum government control over the economy of the nation bows the liberal thinkers envisioned a global market. globalisation encompassing the detonating deviceism of major countries and city states to the international market where it is less controlled by any national government.2. According to Kennet, what are the briny defining features of the rear-KWS economy?The main defining features of post-KWS economy are the decline in manuf momenturing and assembly lines, increases in service employment, the concentration of economic control by multinational firms and financial institutions, authentic dislodge in the patterns of state interventions and reorientation of the welfare state, the cutting of pay-outs and stricter welfare qualification s. As well as the obsolescence of full employment and the dismissal of Keynesian policies on the economic market.3. What does she mean by the hollowing out of the nation state in relation to economic globalization?Hollowing out means that due to economic globalisation the nation state have become less of a major player, it implies that the authority of the nation state to govern economic forces have become lesser in contrast to major cities that have taken on world city functions and become centers of economic, tender and cultural developments. Moreover, the nation states fundamental economic functions and political power to trade and negotiate in the international arena have been lessened or eased out.4. According to Brietenfeller, what are somewhat of the arguments in favour of economic globalisation?Economic globalisation has led to the increase of prosperity in much of the world, the exchange of goods and go and international capital have encouraged the growth of the busines s sector, thereby contributing to the growth of the economy in certain countries. With globalisation is excessively the widespread exchange of technology that has made it possible for countries to trade and market their services and goods unencumbered by state regulations.What problems doe he see arising from it?The greatest problem with economic globalisation is that it encourages stiff competition among a number of countries in toll of labour and capital, thus a country that offers less costs for labour to multinational companies would course get the contract, and if multinational companies do not agree with state regulations they can always take their designingts to cheaper countries. The end result is that globalisation results in job losings and income inequality.Week8Downes is a conservative liberal writing in the 1970s. What does he mean by separating the planning and procurement of universe services from their production and spoken language?Downes argued that the gover nment should take the role of separating the planning and procurement of public services from their production and legal transfer. This means that he believes that the government could work more efficiently if it narrows its focus and center on on planning and procuring of public services which it does best and then assign the production and bringing of public services to mystic entities who can do it reveal and would be more cost efficient to the state.2. What does Brennan mean by separating steering from rowing?By steering, Brennan means making policy decisions while rowing is the direct-service language of public services. When he says separating steering from rowing, he means that the government should do the steering because it is better and more effective in doing so. The division of these functions would enable the government to concentrate on what they are better at, looking for and raising revenues and planning for social programs that the citizens would benefit from. 3. McGuire discusses contracting out of public services and service delivery contracts for the public sector. To what miscellanys of developments is she referring?McGuire asserts that contracting out of public services and service delivery contracts for the public sector will answer the need of the government to transition from post Keynesian systems to neoliberalism. She says that contracting will result to competition that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of public service delivery it also defines what services to be delivered and it facilitates the blurring of traditional boundaries between public and private sectors.In what ways can these developments be understood as steering not rowing by the state?Neoliberalism calls for the abolishment of government control over the economy, they believe that true economic prosperity depended on a true and free market. By contracting out public services, the government is basically concerned with policy decisions making steering s uch as what services should be contracted out, what performance goals to measure etc, while the same act is rowing because the government awards contracts to private groups to deliver public services.How does Harvey characterise neoliberalism?Harvey defines neoliberalism as a political and economic theory that posits that individuals can only attain keep if the state grants its individual citizens the amend to entrepreneurial freedom wherein the state must create laws that protect property rights, establish free markets and free trade. Aside from which, neoliberalism does not approve of state intervention and governance over the business sector as well as the encouraging of welfare dependency.Week 9According to Ransome, what distinguishes post-Fordism from Fordism?Post-Fordism is characterized by the belief in the sovereign consumer which has the power to dictate the market forces, what the market imparts is based on what the consumer wants and ask. It is also seen as the emerge nce of personalized life-styles and the sezession of individuals into their private worlds. On the capitalist side, owners and means of production begun to implement organizational changes to accommodate the changing consumer profile.According to Ransome, what is the link between the flexible firm, flexible production, and the core-periphery twist of the labour force?Flexible firms are capitalist enterprises that are structured to accommodate organizational changes and production methods around the model of flexible specialization, wherein it can change the size of the workforce, redeployed to different tasks to meet the changes of consumer demands which are accommodated by the retaining of highly skilled workers (core) and transiently employed workers (periphery). Flexible production is the availability of innovative production methods and the ability to produce specialized goods by flexible firms.3. According to Walters, what is the significance of neo-liberal notions of the active society to labour market policy?The active society seeks to make all individuals workers. It is thought of as a solution to the problem of the welfare state. In the welfare state, those who are on welfare are called inactive and contribute to the deficit of labour. If all individuals capable of getting paid work will be available in the market labour then there will be less need for state policies to protect or serve workers. Active individuals would lead to faster economic opportunity and combat poverty.What concerns does Combet raise in relation to the current Federal Governments workplace agenda?Combet argues that the workplace agenda is a radical plan that will strip every Australian worker the right to join unions and to corporately bargain with management to improve worker welfare. Then it also removes any protection from unfair dismissal without any right to representation. The plan also proposes to abolish the no disadvantage test and replace it with streamlined con ditions that is a disadvantage for every worker.According to Leonard, what is the difference between Fordism and Post-Fordism?Leonard says that Fordism is a period where technological innovation was minimal, organizations were bureaucratic in structure, and workers joined mass unions and wage bargaining was centralized and welfare was standardized for all as such it was a period wherein everyone thought and was treated alike. Post-Fordism on the other hand is a direct opposite of Fordism although it leaned more to the development of individual choices, specialization and independent thinking.Week 101. According to Williams, what is the main features neo-liberal of public sector reform?Neoliberals argue that government spending on welfare programs is too excessive and hence should be regulated. Any reform to the public sector should include cutting public spending and taxes, government should sell its business enterprises to private corporations, contracting out the delivery of servi ces, creating markets out of monopolistic public or private industries and deregulating industries. This would enable the government to focus more on what it should essentially do.2. Williams refers to the responsibilisation of individuals as market players(p.250). What does he mean and why does he consider it a problem?Responsibilisation of individuals as market players to Williams mean that citizens of the state now become individualistic in their seeking of needs and interests in a state that is structured as a marketplace. The problem with this is it encourages the rich to resort to arrangements beneficial to themselves and to disregard any obligation for the joint good. The poor however have no choice and have to contend to what is available to them.3. According to Mendes, what are the five main concerns neoliberals hold regarding the welfare state?The main concerns of neoliberals regarding the welfare state is that the welfare state is captured by interest groups for their o wn purpose, it also deregulates the labour market since it preserves minimum wages and forswear disadvantaged workers access to jobs. It also encourages welfare dependency, it also does not make any distinction between the undeserving and deserving poor and it reduced private individuals ability to contribute to charities of their own choice.Rodger suggests there is a innovative chaste economy of welfare. What does he mean by this?According to Rodger, the new moral economy of welfare means that individuals rather than society will carry the primary obligation to meet their own welfare needs in the future. He acknowledges that there is a relationship between the complex institutional provisions of health and welfare in modern-day society and the constitution of social consciousness. The moral fabric of welfare will then be concentrated on preparing individuals to provide themselves with a comfortable future.Week 11Moss argues that the rough-cut Obligation system is morally fla wed because the unemployed have little choice about their contract and there is insufficiently mutuality shown towards the unemployed, and that the Scheme is accordingly essentially punitive.1. According to Moss, what is the Mutual Obligation Scheme and what is new about it?The Mutual Obligation Scheme is based on the exposit that those who depend on the community for long periods should give something back to the community that supports them. It is also made up of the Work for the Dole 2000 which refers to the obligations of the unemployed in terms of what they can give back in exchange of the help they were receiving like providing services to the local community.2. What is the moral basis of Mosss argument?Moss argues that receiving welfare and macrocosm obligated to give something in exchange for it is not morally binding. Those on welfare are there because they cannot find work through no teddy of their own. Welfare is supposed to be a service that the state owes it citizens and should not be dealt with as a business and hence it is not obligation binding.The patronage of Mendess article is the phrase Blaming the Victim the new assault on welfare state. 3. What does this phrase mean?The phrase means that the reforms on the welfare state were designed to abolish the services that assist the less fortunate and able because it punishes the victims of poverty and disadvantaged for their own fate and to deprive them of the right to assistance. The welfare state existed because of poor people who are lazy and are blamed for the excessive spending of the state which should have been channeled to more necessary services.What evidence does Mendes provide?Mendes have cited a number of evidences that have led him to believe that the poor is blamed for the welfare state. There is the published critique of the welfare state by the New Right there is the dob in a dole bludger campaign which in essence denigrates the poor with its reference to dole. Those who are un employed are also forced to keep a dole diary and a review of the Young Homeless Allowance.Week 12Llewellen states that the Third World has been created it is in no way primal or natural. What is the basis of his argument?Llewellwn states that the Third World is not a natural occurrence it is a label unquestionable by the offset printing World to designate underdeveloped countries as such. But this designation is a function more of its place in relation to the archetypal world rather than a natural occurrence. Third world countries are underdeveloped because they do not have the same technological advancements as the First world. Third Worldism evolved out of the military, political and economic expansion of the First worlds.2. Hoogvelt argues that economic globalisation is another phase of the imperialist exploitation of the Third World by the advanced world (western/industrialised nations). Explain the basis of her argument.Hoogvelt says that economic globalisation had allowed the advanced world to manipulate the economy of third worlds by imposing on them measures that are beneficial to the first world, the labour divisions that limited the Third world into providing the raw materials, producing and exporting unprocessed commodities to the first world, the profits that the first world gets out from technological rents and the global expansion of capitalists to third worlds are all imperialistic in nature.3. Amin argues that most discourses of contemporary (economic) globalisation present this phenomenon as a kind of natural law, thus marginalising any understanding of the social, political and economic factors which bring it into being. Briefly outline the major points of Amins argument.Globalisation accordingly has been perceive as a natural law thereby it has taken off as a natural occurrence. It is a phenomenon that has been brought about by the interdependence of contemporary societies that allowed the deploying of economic dimensions on a world sc ale. It is founded on historical social compromises between nations and defined within the framework of political states, those who have greater power and resources control the global market.Brietenfeller argues in favour of global unionism. What difficulties stand in the way of workers solidarity between North (west/industrialised) and South (Third World/developing) unions?Global unionism has been sought by many as an answer to the inequality of the conditions and wages of workers all over the world. But there has been strong opposition against the international worker organizations because states fear that it would lead to trade union imperialism, hence policies and reforms to recognize them have been ignored by the state. Factional differences within the group also exist and limit their collective representation in the world trade.Week 131. Referring to Esping-Anderson (2002) and Perkins, Nelms and Smyth (2005) Explain social enthronement in your own words.Social investment is a concept that encompasses the states indebtedness to invest in its human resources. It is seen that in order for the state to gain economic progress it has to design and give services that would benefit its human capital. It means that the government provide for the education, training and protection of its citizens that would prepare them to participate in the labour market. Social investment would also necessitate the drawing up of social policies that would prioritize government spending on programs and services that will generate the best outcome for the economy and society like making sure that roadstead and facilities that would enable the exchange of goods and trades are well kept and in excellent condition.2. Esping-Anderson suggests that social rightness should be an important facet of social investment. What is the proposed moral basis of social investment to which Esping-Anderson refers?Social justice is the moral basis of social investment it means that any action dir ected towards developing the states human capital should conform to the normative definition of justice of the culture. Hence providing opportunities for education and training to enable its citizen to participate in the labour market should be founded on equal opportunities, wherein anything that is beneficial to some should be beneficial to all.The state should also develop life skills for all kinds of people, basic social services should be rooted on the principle of equality and justice. However, priority should be given to those who are the weakest in the state and their welfare would be safeguarded. Social justice also dictates the rules for making choices and selecting priorities on what form of social investment should be given like a the need for having a healthy and educated workforce would take precedence over the need for developing cultural awareness.ReferencesPearson, C. 1998. Beyond the Welfare State, 2nd, Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Pp. 56-81Marginson, S. 1 997. Educating Australia. Government, Economy and Citizen since 1960, Oakleigh, Melbourne Cambridge University Press. Pp. 73-81Pierson, P. 1996. Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment, Cambridge University Press Melbourne. Pp. 1-9Mishra, R. 1999. Globalisation and the Welfare State, Cheltenham, UK Edward Elgar. Pp. 1-16Kennett, P. 2001. Comparative Social Policy, Buckingham Open University Press. Pp. 26-29.Brietenfeller, A. 1997. Global Unionism A potential player. International Labour Review, Winter 1364. Pp. 533-37Downes, A. 1998. Separating the planning and procurement of public services from their production and delivery, in Anthony Downes ed. Political Theory and Public Choice, Cheltenham UK Edward Elgar. first published 1976. 4 pagesBrennan, D. 1998. Government and civil society, in P. Smyth and B. Cass eds. Contesting the Australian Way, Oakleigh, Melbourne Cambridge University Press. Pp. 127-137McGuire, L. 1997. Service delivery con tracts quality for clients, customers and citizens, in G.Davis, B. Sullivan and A. Yeatman eds. The New Contractualism, Centre for Public Centre Management, Griffith University, Queensland. Pp. 102-118.Harvey, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Melbourne Oxford University Press. Pp. 1-3, 64-67.Ransome, P. 1999. Sociology and the Future of Work. Contemporary Discourses and Debates, Sydney Ashgate. Pp. 66-74.Leonard, P. 1997. Postmodern Welfare, capital of the United Kingdom. Sage. Pp. 119-127Walters, W. 1997. The active society new designs for social policy, Policy and Politics, 25(3) 221-34. Pp. 224-31.Combet, G. 2005. Whose Choices? Analysis of the Current Industrial Relations Reforms. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 56243-253. Pp. 243-253.Williams, C. 1996. Reinventing the welfare state neo-liberalism and beyond, in A. McMahon, J. Thomson, and C. Williams eds. Understanding the Australian Welfare State Key Documents and Themes, Croydon, Victoria Macmillan. Pp. 248 -261.Mendes, P. 2000. Australias Welfare Wars the Players, the Politics and the Ideologies, UNSW Press. Pp. 37-49.Rodger, J. 2000. From a Welfare State to a Welfare Society, London Macmillan. Pp. 3-10.Moss, J. 2001. The ethics and politics of mutual obligation, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 36(1) 1-14. Pp. 1-14.Mendes, P. 2001. Blaming the messenger The media, social workers and child abuse, Australian Social Work. 54(2)27-36. Pp. 27-36.Mendes, P. 1997. Blaming the victim the new assault on the welfare state, Journal of Economic Social Policy, 2(1)41-53. Pp.41-53.Gardner, F. 2006. Current Issues and Prospects, Chapter One in Working with Human Services Organisations, South Melbourne Oxford University Press. Pp. 3-13.Lewellen, T.C. 1995. dependency and Development. An Introduction to the Third World, London Bergin and Garvey. Pp. 19-25.Hoogvelt, A. 2001. Globalisation and the Postcolonial World. The New Political Economy of Development, 2nd, Hampshire UK Palgrave. Pp. 29-34, 43-47.Amin, S. 1999. Capitalism, imperialism, globalisation, in R. M. Chilcoate ed. The Political Economy of Imperialism Critical Appraisals, London Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pp. 157-67.Brietenfeller, A. 1997. Global unionism A potential player. International Labour Review, 136(4)531-555. 543-44, Pp. 549-51.Esping-Anderson, Gosta 2002. Why we Need a New Welfare State. Melbourne Oxford University Press.Perkins, Daniel, Lucy Nelms and Paul Smyth. 2005. Beyond neo-liberalism the social investment state? Just Policy, 3835-40.