Ancient Indian Architecture :: Papers

Ancient Indian Architecture The Science of Architecture and Civil Construction was known in Ancient India as Sthapatya-Shastra. The watchword Sthapatya is derived from the root word Sthapana i.e. to establish. The technique of architecture was both a science and an art, hence it is also known as Sthapatya-kala, the word Kala means an art. From very early times the eddy of temples, palaces, rest houses and separate civil construction was undertaken by professional architects known as Sthapati. Even during the Vedic times, there existed professionals who specialized in the technique of constructing chariots and other heavy instruments of war. These professionals ask been referred to in the Rig Veda as Rathakara which literally means chariot maker. The excavations of the ruins at Mohenjodaro and Harrappa (today in Pakistan) proved the existence of a developed Urban refinement in India. The Indus valley civilization is dated around 3000 B.C. Thus si nce the last 5000 years. India has had an urban civilization. The existence of an urban civilization presumes the existence of well developed techniques of architecture and construction. These techniques would no doubt have had been systematically stated in record books for transmitting them to the later generations as well for being used as name and address media for actual construction. Unfortunately, as far as the Indus Valley civilization goes no such records have been preserved either as rock edicts, manuscripts, etc., or in folk tales and legends. only when the fact that cities on the scale of Mohenjodaro had been constructed bear testimony to the existence of a systematized and highly developed technique of architecture 5000 years ago. But in the later ages, from about the 7th century B.C., we have both literature references as well as archeological evidences to prove the existence of man-sized urban civilizations in the Ganges Valley. Like in most other sciences, even remotely connected with religion, in architecture also the scientific ideas and techniques have been integrated with philosophy and theology. This was so as the majority of the large constructions were temples.

major themes of the scarlet letter :: essays research papers

Many of the major field of studys of The Scarlet Letter are introduced in the go-ahead scene. Some of these themes were sin, natures kindness to the condemned and the dreary lifestyle of puritan society. The inaugural chapter has little action but it orders up these major themes. The tone of the whole story was set in this chapter. The opening scene of The Scarlet Letter, many major themes were introduced.     One of the major themes of The Scarket Letter was sin. Much of Puritan society was based on sin. The first thing built in the town was the prison. There was a gathering outside ofthe elaborate prison. The prison was a major emphasis in the town. This was depicted in part by "...have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetary, and other portion as the site for the prison." The prison was the first priority for the town to build. Sin and crime was the major emphasis of the town. Sin was a major theme of The Scarlet Letter.     Another major theme introduced in the forst chapter was natures kindness to the condemned. The prison was very bleak and worn down and old. It was very unforgiving for the prisoners. The only concentrate of hope was a rosebush that grew near the prison. "But on one side of the porta land rooted almost on the threshhold, was a wild rosebush, covered, in this month of june, with its delicate jems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forrard to his doom." Nature was the only thing kind to the condemned. This theme was very important later in the book when Dimmesdale, Hester and Pearl met in the forest. A major them in The Scarlet Letter was natures kindness to the condomned.

Dandelion Wine :: essays research papers

Dandelion Wine is a book written by Ray Bradbury. Dandelion Wine is a book about a summer through the eyes of a 12-year-old son. It establishes a change of Douglas&8217s childhood to manhood. It will show how a young, orgulous boy goes through umpteen stymies. Douglas Spaulding is a boy growing up in a somewhat deserted town. The time was 1928. Douglas&8217s house is an el dorado. Doug lives darling an umbra, to others though it is just a ravine. It is just going to be the start of a new summer when Douglas finally realizes that he is free and alive. Douglas goes through many changes along the way, some for the best and some for the worst. There are many ways to describe a boy amazing as Doug, but troika characteristics place to mind. Doug is mature, smart, and lively. Maturity can be used in many ways. For Douglas it is this particular summer when Doug starts out as a boy and by the give the sack he has become more educated about life and learns to handle many difficult situat ions well.How many 12 year olds can cope with remainder of important people at that time of their lives? Douglas is forced to deal with it quite a few times. One day Doug meets an old man named Colonel Freeleigh. The Colonel is 100 historic period of age. The Colonel is a very old man who is quite sick and lonely. The Colonel is at the point in his life where he needs a nurse to wee care of him. The Colonel is overjoyed to receive company. The Colonel regales Doug and two of his friends with stories of when he was younger. The Colonel shares stories such as the Civil War, Ching Ling Soo, and Pawnee Bill. After Doug had visited the Colonel he passed away that night. This is the first death Doug had to come to terms with. Doug was emotionally distraught, but learned that the Colonel died for what he believed in, happiness. Doug is best friends with Jon Hugh. Doug had known Jon his whole life. One day Jon decided to tell Doug that his dad got a subcontract and they were going to mo ve that night. A myriad of emotions ran through Doug&8217s head at this time. Doug wondered if he would ever get to see Jon again. The realization that they had so dwarfish time and so much to do kicked in.

Essay --

Have you ever wondered who invented the modern computers we use today?Now, you would probably cite Microsoft or Apple however the truth is modern computers were invented by Alan Turing. He invented the Turing Machine, which is a computer that could process anything. In other words he created the counterbalance programing language. Not only did he contribute to computer science, but also in biology, chemistry, physics, and especially mathematics. He has myriad number of achievements including his contribution of snap bean the Nazi enigma code, which seemed at that time, unbreakable. Now lets dive into the life of Alan.Now where is better to start than his early life. Alan was born into a wealthy family. He was born on the June of 25, 1912 in London, Maida Vale, Warrington Crescent, and Warrington Lodge. He was christened on july 7, 1912 at the St. Saviours church. Alan did not live with his father early on in his life because his father, Julius Turing worked for a gracious service in India. He worked for the Madras Presidency. There he met alan mother Ethel Stoney. Alan was the youngest in his family. He has one older brother named John Turing. He his 4 historic period older than Alan. Alan was a very curious boy. He always questioned how thing are done. He was always not shy and ready to greet anyone. He also acted a lot more mature for his age. He loved to use large words as a child. However he did relish the company of figures. Extraordinarily, he thought himself to read in 3 weeks by using an interesting method he deceived called the knowing spot. He had a problem of not remembering to read the figures from left to right or vise versa. Alan then used his left hands thumb as a marker for reading the figures. He called it the knowing spot. L... ...t the same yard as his father. He did have a rule to eat an apple a night. He also loved to chant the poison apple brewing scene from snow white as a child. Some heap misunderstanding that the Apple Logo doe s not come from this reason ,but instead because the bite helps distinguish it from a cherry. However Steve Jobs says, God, we wish it wereAlan Turing was a man who accomplishments countless number of things in his life. Varying from computers, biology, physics, and mathematics. However he lost his life at such a young age for a reason undiagnosed to us. He helped win WWII and created the concept of programming when everyone else says it is impossible. Also he did not stop there but also defined what makes a computer smart. He created the first Artificial intelligence. He still use all use methods today. He was the man known as the father of modern computers.

My Philosophy of Life Essay -- essays research papers

I can remember as a tiddler always asking myself the why questions of life. What is the purpose of life? Why are we here? What is the purpose of life? Why do certain things happen? And is in that respect really a God? I had always kept these questions to myself and eventually pushed them out of my mind altogether. I was raised in a Christian home and you just were not allowed to ask questions of that nature and doubt the faith. The world is the way it is because God made it that way and that is all there is to it. I was really evoke to take this class because it would finally give me the opportunity to exercise my personal thoughts and beliefs. I have come to agree with Socrates that the unexamined life is not worth living. In my opinion life is a combination of philosophical ideas such as morality, respect, free-will and scientific issues. The study of philosophy is a very complex and complicated task. on that point are so many different questions on many different topics and philosophy tries to explain them all. It tries to provide answers to the many questions that science and religion cannot explain. And from this it urges you to think approximately issues that may otherwise be ignored.I agree with the goal of autonomy, that philosophy is having the freedom to make your own decisions and beliefs by using your own reasoning capabilities. I believe that we all have the God-like quality of reasoning ...

My Philosophy of Life Essay -- essays research papers

I can remember as a child always ask myself the why questions of life story. What is the purpose of life? Why are we here? What is the purpose of life? Why do certain things happen? And is there re bothy a God? I had always kept these questions to myself and eventually pushed them out of my mind altogether. I was raised in a Christian household and you just were non allowed to ask questions of that nature and doubt the faith. The world is the way it is because God made it that way and that is all there is to it. I was really excited to take this manikin because it would finally give me the opportunity to exercise my personal thoughts and beliefs. I have come to agree with Socrates that the unexamined life is not worth living. In my opinion life is a combination of philosophical ideas such as morality, respect, free-will and scientific issues. The study of philosophy is a very complex and complicated task. There are so many different questions on many different topics and philoso phy tries to explain them all. It tries to provide answers to the many questions that science and religion cannot explain. And from this it urges you to think about issues that may otherwise be ignored.I agree with the goal of autonomy, that philosophy is having the freedom to make your own decisions and beliefs by using your own reasoning capabilities. I believe that we all have the God-like quality of reasoning ...

South Park as Parody of Society

South Park began airing in 1997. The commercials that preceded it gave the impression of it organis manhoodother dolt cartoon however, when I began ceremonial, I realized important issues were being covered through the repeated behaviors and actions of its characters, through the influences these actions could have on the watchmans, through the reinforcement and standions of trusted stereotypes, through the long-term effects that could result from watching the program, and through its reflection of social reality.Some of the repeated behaviors and actions of the characters include one of the children (Kenny) dying during each fortune (followed by Stan yelling, Oh, my God Theyve killed Kenny (South Park) the children ragging the overweight claw the African-American chef obsessing about sex and the geneticist performing insane experiments in his spooky laboratory. Kenny has been shot, run over by a train, impaled on a flag pole, beheaded, crushed by Mir, and concernn by Death h imselfto name a few. Cartman, the overweight kid, has been called fat ass, lard ass, and the fat kid (South Park).There are numerous references to his weight throughout each episode he eats continuously, thanks to his Mothers cooking and offering cookies, chocolate-chicken pot pies, and Cheesy Poofs. for each one time Chef (voice of Isaac Hayes) offers to explain important issues to the kids, he breaks into a song about making sweet respect to a woman. This leaves the children wondering just what the heck he is nerve-wracking to articulate. There are references to his having sex with every available (and even unavailable) female in the town. There is a take-off of The Island of Dr.Moreau with a geneticistmimicking Marlon Brandoconducting bizarre experiments creating monkeys with four asses creating mutant, militant turkeys and take flesh-eating zombies to life. There are both negative and positive influences these repeated behaviors and actions could have on an audience. One ne gative effect could be the numbing of the viewer to childrens deaths it is such a common occurrence on the show until it is expected. Another effect could be the instilling of negative feelings toward the overweight the audience could be discipline that it is acceptable to verbally attack a person with a weight problem.Also, in a time of AIDS, promotion of sexual promiscuity is a austere thing never have the writers mentioned the use of condoms by Chef during his encounters. Finally, because of the recent advances in genetic research and its awakening of new fears in the public, South Parks parody of the geneticist could besides play on peoples fears. Despite the potentially negative influences of these behaviors and actions, there could be a positive influence existing in the form of catharsis.American order has suffered from the rules of political correctness, the fear of AIDS, and the fear of knowledge (the fear of going too far into Gods domainthanks to our Puritanical backg round). Maybe South Park gives us release from repression by allowing us to laugh at the things we fear the nearly death, ridicule of our differences by our peers, the contracting of deadly diseases, and advancements in science. (I am sure that near of us need release from the built-up tensions of daily life South Park has given us this release. Despite South Parks cathartic influence, it reinforces several negative stereotypes the unaccented African-American male, the self-serving public official, and the gun-happy redneck. As I wrote above, Chef has little control over his libido this is an extremely negative stereotype of the African-American male. If Chef were Caucasian (let us say an Irish-English-German-Swedish-Scottish-etc-American), the stereotype could be avoided entirely. The mayors decisions are based solely on her looking good in the public eye.For example, when a volcano erupts, she uses fake concern for the children on the mountain to look like a caring person on En tertainment Tonight she calls for continuous re-takes even though ET is broadcasting live. Uncle JimBo and Ned are the gun-toting Bubba types when they take the kids on a camping trip, they get drunk and claim at will. JimBos philosophies are, hunting without drinking is like fishing, and thanks to those damned Democrats, we can only shoot certain animals that impose a threat therefore, when you see an animal, you have to yell, its comin right for us then you shoot (South Park).At least one episode attempted to reject a negative stereotype homosexuality is a bad thing. Stans bounder, Sparky, turns out to be gay. Throughout the episode we hear the evils of homosexuality preached by the towns people Sparky runs away. Stan realizes that his love for his dog is more important than societys negative views. Stan is counted on to win the big football game. He does not show up because he is searching for his dog (YES What a message football does not fit highly in the great scheme of thing s. He finds Sparky at Big alert Als Big Gay Animal Sanctuary and brings him home. Stan shares his new undercoat understanding with the citizens, and they accept his view. All the gay pets return from Als to be with their owners. The owners apologize for being so narrow minded. This episodes message is instead profound. The gay episode is one episode which may be obvious in its message and is quite easy to grasp however, the long-term effects from watching this program could go in two directions.First, there is the possibility that children (and adults) watching this show would imitate the bad language and sometimes antisocial behaviors of the characters without realizing the important subtexts of the episodes. For example, Kyle is designate a fecal-phile in the Christmas episode. He has a friend he calls Mr. handkerchief. Mr. Hankey lifts out of the toilet to bring Christmas cheer to all the little Jewish boys. Unfortunately, Mr. Hankey is a piece of feces, and as he dances aro und, he leaves marks on the walls, floor, and sink he, also, writes NOEL on the bathroom mirror.Of course, Kyles parents blame Kylethey do not believe in Mr. Hankey. Kyle is institutionalized for fecal-philia. Here, the problem could be kids thinking that it is cool to be in love with your own feces and cool to share it with others. They could miss the message found in the subtext the fact that political correctness has gotten out of hand. This episode allows the inhabitants of South Park to express their dislikes over every aspect of Christmasmainly, that each persons rights are being infringed upon by someone elses beliefs.The political correctness is what drives Kyle to his belief in Mr. Hankey, not the fun of playing in his own filth. Second, the audience could grasp the subtexts in these episodes and come to terms with their own morals and belief systems. There is a line spoken by Lex Luthor in Superman that molds good sense A man can infer War and Peace and come away believ ing it is a simple adventure story another man can read the ingredients on a chewing gum wrapper and unlock the secrets of the universe (Superman).The fact is that South Park is out there it is ultimately our responsibility to make of it what we will. It may be our responsibility to do with South Park what we will however, this program reflects what already exists a society full of prejudices and fears which are embedded at heart its communities and how these human short-comings are passed on to children( Hatley). Fortunately, in most of the episodes these negative actions and beliefs are dealt with in a manner that seeks to alleviate them. Unfortunately, this manner of lleviation is found in the subtext, and most people are not willing to look that far it requires too much effort. Frighteningly, the show is a parody of society itself. In film, parody is commonly the death-knell of a particular genre. Years ago, I read that Ren and Stimpy (another cartoon) was test copy of the de cline of our civilization because of its attacks on societal norms. Could South Park be further proof of this decline, or is it just a funny cartoon that allows us to laugh at ourselves while dealing with our fears? ( Pineda)

Fad Diets: Look Before You Leap Essay

Association. Fad diets be a short-term, quick-fix approach to tilt loss that dont work over the long haul. These diets tend to over-promise results only if dont deliver. Food choices are often mo nononous, and caloric intake whitethorn be truly restricted, so that once the novelty wears off, so does the motivation to continue.Even the U.S. De dissipatement of Agriculture ( cyphery farm) has recognized the huge popularity of fad diets, and in February it sponsored the Great Nutrition Debate, a discussion panel that featured popular diet book authors as well as nutrition and weight loss interrogationers. While the panelists agreed that Americans are too fat, there was no consensus about the best way to lose weight and keep it off-although it led to interesting and sometimes heated debate. In the end, USDA indicated that it might be time for government researchers to evaluate the various diets to help sort fact from fiction.There is a dire lack of scientific research to corrobora te the theories expounded in the majority of diet books origin onlyy on the market. Most promise weight loss programs that are easy, allow favorite nutritions or foods traditionally enclosureed in weight loss diets without limitations, and do non require a major shift in exercise habits. Often, adds Sachiko St. Jeor, PhD, RD, Director of the Nutrition reading and Research Program at the University of Nevada School of Medicine, fad diet book authors take a scientific half-truth that is complex and use that as the basis for their arguments.Authors may simplify or expand upon biochemistry and physiology in an effort to help support their theories and abide a plethora of scientific jargon that people do not understand but that seems to make sense. And few, if any, offer solid scientific support for their claims in the form of publish research studies. Instead, most endorse is based on anecdotal findings, theories, and testimonials of short-term results. Some of the most popular diets to hit the news wires these days are those that promote low carbohydrate and mellowed protein intakes and promise satisfying weight loss. These diets are nothing more than low calorie diets in disguise, but with some potentially serious consequences. Following a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet willing encourage the body to burn its own fat.Without carbohydrates, however, fat is not burned completely and substances called ketones are formed and released into the bloodstream. Abnormally high ketone levels in the body, or ketosis, may indeed make dieting easier, since they typically decrease appetite and cause nausea. However, ketosis also increases the levels of uric acid in the blood, which is a assay factor for gout and kidney disease in susceptible people. Additionally, notes Dr. St. Jeor, following these diets can result in dehydration, diarrhea, weakness, headaches, dizziness, and bad breath, and over the long term, can also increase risk of atherosclerosis and oste oporosis. Heres a rundown on some of the more popular high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets that are making headlines.Sugar Busters By H. Leighton Steward, Sam S. Andrews, MD, Morrison C. Bethea, MD, and Luis A. Balart, MD Premise/TheorySugar and certain carbohydrates (those with high glycemic indices) are toxic to the body causing blood sugar levels to rise and increasing the levels of insulin production, thereby actuate fat storage and weight gain. Supposedly, decreasing sugar intake can help people lose weight and decrease body fat, no consider what other foods are eaten.Dietary Recommendations* Eliminates refined and processed carbohydrates, particularly sugar and white flour and all foods made from these ingredients. Also eliminates foods like potatoes, lemon yellow, white rice, beets, carrots, corn syrup, molasses, honey, soft drinks, and beer.* Encourages consumption of whole grains, low-glycemic-index carbohydrates (high-fiber vegetables and fruits), and lean meats with n o restrictions on protein foods. * Authors claim that washing food down with liquid does not allow for proper chewing. Claims tautological fluid with meals also dilutes digestive juices and can result in partially digested food. * Average intake of calories is 1200 calories/day distributed as 30 per centum carbohydrate, 32 percent protein, and 28 percent fat. Recommended calorie intake in this diet is low, accounting for short-term weight loss.Concerns* There is no scientific basis or published data for the Sugar Busters weight loss theory. The explanation of insulins role in weight gain that is provided is simplistic. The body does produce insulin in response to a rise in blood sugar levels, but it does not promote storage of fat unless excess calories are consumed.* There is no scientific evidence supporting the claim that the consumption of fluids during meals negatively affects digestion.Drastically decreasing dietary intake of carbohydrates forces the body to burn reserves of stored fat for energy, a condition know as ketosis, which leads to decreased hunger and a metabolic advantage. Dietary Recommendations * Limits carbohydrates to 20 grams/day for the induction phase of the diet and 0 to 60 grams/day in the ongoing weight loss phase. Carbohydrate intake ranges from 25 to 90 grams/day in the maintenance diet.* Unlimited quantities of protein foods and fat-steak, bacon, eggs, chicken, fish, butter, and vegetable oil-are allowed. Avoid or limit carbohydrates, specifically breads, pasta, most fruits and vegetables, milk, and yogurt.Concerns* No published scientific studies support the diet claims.* Offers extremely limited food choices. Diet is nutritionally unbalanced and excessively high in protein, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.* Promotes ketosis as a means of weight loss.* Suggests that a high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet does not have an effect on lipids.* Dehydration is workable if large amounts of water are not consumed.* Diet is l ow in calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C, and folate (dietary supplements are recommended).Enter the Zone By Barry Sears, PhDPremise/Theory The order is a metabolic state in which the mind is relaxed and focused and the body is strong and works at peak efficiency. A person in the zone will allegedly experience permanent body fat loss, optimal health, greater athletic performance, and improved mental productivity. Insulin is released as a result of have carbohydrates and leads to weight gain. Because food has a potent, drug-like effect on the hormonal systems that regulate thebodys physiological processes, eating the right combination of foods leads to a metabolic state (lower insulin levels and lower eicosanoid levels) in which the body works at peak performance and which results in decreased hunger, weight loss, and increased energy.Dietary Recommendations* To get into the zone, set(p) quantities of food, apportioned in blocks and at prescribed times, are recommended in a distribution of 40 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent protein, and 30 percent fat. Meals should provide no more than 500 calories and snacks less than 100 calories. * Food should be treated like a medical prescription or drug. * Menus suggest heaps of egg whites, nuts, olives, peanut butter, and monounsaturated fats and large amounts of allowable (low-glycemic-index) fruits and vegetables.Alcohol is okay in moderation, but zone followers are advised to avoid or limit carbohydrates, especially pasta, bread, high-glycemic-index fruits and vegetables such as carrots and bananas, saturated fat, and arachidonic acid.* Diet averages 1,300 calories per day, although some menus may run as low as 850 calories.Concerns* Oversimplifies complicated physiological processes. For example, eicosanoids are one part of a complex system, and no studies suggest that they are dangerous or cause disease. * The metabolic pathways explained in the book that supposedly connect diet, insulin-glucagon, and ei cosanoids are not found in standard nutrition or biochemistry texts. The premise that any type of diet completely controls insulin and glucagon secretion is not supported by current nutrition or biochemistry knowledge, nor is the theory that the insulin-glucagon axis controls production of eicosanoids.* Relies upon unproven claims based on case histories, testimonials, and uncontrolled studies that are not published in peer-reviewed journals. Although all of these diets may promote short term weight loss, their long term effectiveness is a different story. The bottom line for lasting and healthful weight loss is a varied diet, reduced caloric intake, and regular physical exercise. The truth is that losing weight permanently takes work. Its not glamorous-eating habits need to change and activity usually needs to increase, notes Quagliani. If a diet sounds too good to be true, it probably is.GlossaryArachidonic acid fatty acid precursor for eiconsanoid production. Eicosanoids biologi cally vigorous class of compounds that are involved in a wide range of regulatory processes such as synthesis of certain fatty acids. Glycemic index a ranking of the effect on blood glucose of the consumption of a single food relative to a reference carbohydrate (e.g., white bread or glucose). Glucagon has an effect opposite to that of insulin. Insulins and glucagons opposing effectuate help maintain carbohydrate metabolism in a steady state.Tips on contracting Fad DietsClaims or implies a large or quick weight loss of more than 1 to 2 pounds per week. Slow, gradual weight loss increases the peril of weight loss success and of keeping weight off over the long term.Promotes magical or miracle foods. No foods can undo the long-term effects of overeating and not exercising or melt away fat. Restricts or eliminates certain foods, recommends certain foods in large quantities, insists on eating specific food combinations, or offers rigid, inflexible menus. Implies that weight can be l ost and maintained without exercise and other lifestyle changes.Relies heavily on undocumented case histories, testimonials, and anecdotes but has no scientific research to back claims. Contradicts what most trusted health professional groups say, or makes promises that sound too good to be true.

African Folktales Essay

In the actual Nigeria tribe African folktales, form a very important part of the African civilisation. thither are different ways in how those folktales affect the African culture in general ane of this ways is that its used as a way of communicating. There is a rich, fertile legacy of folklore from Africa. On this vast continent, folk tales and myths serve as a means of handing down traditions and customs from one generation to the next. The storytelling tradition has thrived for generations because of the absence of printed material. Folk tales prepare young people for life, as there are many lessons to be learned from the tales from the history of this ample continent, this includes the forceful transplanting of the people into slavery on other continents.In addition to the folk tales, there are myths, legends, many proverbs, tongue twisters, and riddles. In the African folk tales, the stories reflect the culture where animals abound consequently, the monkey, elephant, giraffe, lion, zebra, crocodile, and rhinoceros appear frequently along with a wide variety of birds such as the ostrich, the secretary bird, and the eagle. The animals and birds nominate on human characteristics of greed, jealousy, honesty, loneliness, etc. Through their behavior, many valuable lessons are learned. Also, the surroundings in which the tales adjourn place reveal the vastness of the land and groom the reader or so the climate, such as the dry season when it hasnt rained for several years, or the rainy season when the hills are slick with mud.The acacia trees swaying in a gentle breeze, muddy streams that are home to fish, hippos and crocodiles, moss covered rocks, and giant ant hills that serve as a back scratcher for huge elephants, give the reader a sense of the variety of life in this parched or lush land in this part of the world. There is wealth of folktales in the African culture of different kinds some examples of them are Uncle Remus Tales, Tortoise and the Hare, Crocodile Tales, The voice of the Drums, The Kind of Lion, String Tales, The Sacred Vulture, Anansi, and Dilemma Tales.Those kinds of tales above are just some examples of the huge African folktales repertory, and the subcategories which take a major role in the African and Nigerian culture and society, reflecting the animals that abound there. In conclusion, I can say that folktales plays an important role in the African Society, even more than books or other kind of source, this is because in Africa are very few resources of written history, so they know more about their history via these folktales without folktales, African history may be inexistentCITATIONSAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York Random house, Inc., 1995 http//www.teachervision.fen.com/folk-tales/resource/3716.html?page=1&detoured=1

Gatsby: Nature of Romantic Love Essay

The Great Gatsby is a story somewhat a cosmos, Gatsby, who is stuck in alternate trulyity. He is stuck in a past life and wants to remain in it forever. The Great Gatsby reflects a story ab show up the great Ameri rotter dream and, as some may view, a beautiful hit the sack story. The Great Gatsby is not a story about perfect love. In fact, it actu eithery mocks the notion that love having no flaws. Fitzgerald writes about the rot of love and illustrates the obstacles and dangers of corrupted love. The love presented in The Great Gatsby is wrong. Fitzgerald depicts the nature of love in the novel to revolve around obsession, self-destruction, and greed. The Great Gatsby lacks true love and adherence to make it a perfect love story. Gatsby is a character with an unrealistic conscience. He is blinded by an melodic theme of love that only he can see. The love he sees is not true love, but in fact an obsession with lust. Helen Fisher, an anthropologist who studies human behavior states in The Brain In Love, amative love is an addictiona perfectly horrible addiction when its going poorly. And indeed it has all the characteristics of an addiction.You focus on the person, you obsessively think about them, you crave them. This quote taken from a TED Talk portrays Gatsbys nature of love perfectly. He is addicted to the conception of Daisy. The addiction is horrible because all he does is focus on her and only her. Even though he has not spoken to her in years by and by the war, he still craves her. It is very trig that Fitzgerald wanted the audience to notice Gatsbys frightening obsession with Daisy. He follows her every move. He becomes rich for her and buys a mansion for he and holds countless exorbitant parties, all because of her. Gatsby says, Look at this. Here is a lot of clippings-about you (Fitzgerald 90). Gatsby documents Daisys life. He creates a scrapbook with countless pages regarding Daisys life. He collects every possible social occasion th at relates to Daisy. He alters his life to make Daisy love him. Infatuation then develops in a specificpsychobiological patternbeginning with intrusive thinking (The Nature of amative Love).This applies directly to Gatsbys behavior. He consumes his time thinking about Daisy and planning his life accordingly to Daisys likes, dislikes, and interests. And after be rejected, the obsession worsens. Daisy has countless flaws including being indecisive, cowardly, and materialistic. She is not the type of person someone would typically fall in love with. But once again, the element of Gatsbys obsession comes into play. His obsession causes cecity and he is unable to see Daisys flaws. In Helen Fishers The Nature of Romantic Love she states, But the limerent casts these flaws aside and fixates on those characteristics that he or she finds unique and charming (The Nature of Romantic Love). Gatsbys fixation on Daisy obliges him to only see the good in Daisy that was barely even there whatsoe vermore. She doesnt have the best qualities. She has the power to leave Tom, yet she doesnt. Why? Because she has everything she needs by staying with him.He supplies her with money, luxuries, and lives a comfortable life with him. Daisy puts her wants before the feelings and regards of others. Gatsby is sightless when it comes to pointing out Daisys negative qualities. The love presented in The Great Gatsby is self-destructive. It breaks Gatsby and forces him to partake in illegal activities to impress his significant other. The terrible obsession Gatsby has for Daisy causes him to not see the real Daisy. He is in love with the Daisy from the past. This essentially ruins him. He is not in love with the cowardly, shallow Daisy, but the sweet, comforting one from the past. Gatsbys reality distorts after Daisy leaves him. Helen Fisher states in her TED talk, You distort reality. Your willingness to take enormous risks to win this person. Gatsby does just this. He corrupts and endanger s his life because of his willingness to do anything for Daisy. He misrepresents his reality and does not see any harm in participating in illegal things. Gatsby takes risks for Daisy.In Helen Fishers TED talk she explains that this is a factor of love. Fitzgerald illustrates this factor in his novel by developing Jay Gatsbys character into someone who will take massive risks. He is willing to jeopardize his own life to impress Daisy. Tom Buchanan says, Thats one of his diminished stunts. I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I saw him, and I wasnt far wrong (Fitzgerald 134). In this statement, Tom is reflecting his opinions on Gatsby, believe that Gatsbycontributes to unjust acts. Tom was correct. Gatsby does partake in illegal activities and slowly destroys his reputation by doing so. People know of Gatsbys misdemeanors. This is just another example of how unethical the love that exists in the novel really is. The love depicted in The Great Gatsby revolves around greed. Th e environment Daisy was raised in caused her to only view a materialistic life.Helen Fisher writes, Culture, for example, plays an essential role in ones choice of partner and the timing and process of courting. Daisy grows up in a very luxurious environment, where money is a factor that contributes to a persons personality. Why does Daisy suddenly fall linchpin in love with Gatsby when he in conclusion acquires a lot of money? Daisys composition of love is blinded with greed. For many years, she forgets about Gatsby when he goes to war and focuses and devotes her life to Tom Buchanan. Tom, a man of wealth, gives Daisy all she need, except love. Tom has multiple affairs with other mistresses, yet this does not bother Daisy. She is content living her life with Tom until Gatsby reveals himself. She falls back in love with Gatsby due to the amount of money he has. Only then does she decide to pursue a relationship with him. Daisy acts like a coward in the novel. Greed is what she h as fallen in love with, not Gatsby nor Tom. Daisys greed gets in the way of the love that could have been between Gatsby and herself. Daisys importance in life orbits around material comforts.She says, Theyre such beautiful shirts it makes me sad because I have never seen such beautiful shirts (Fitzgerald 89). The stunning silk shirts represent all of the material luxuries Daisy obsesses over. She has fallen in love with the idea of Gatsby, but not him. Both Daisy and Gatsby confuse greed with love. They long for money and material possessions and corrupt love to fulfill their American Dreams. He believes money will bring him anything, even Daisys love. Fitzgerald writes in his novel, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay. He had waited five years and bought a mansion where he dispensed starlight to casual moths so that he could come over some afternoon to a terra incognitas garden (78). Gatsby spends hundreds of thousands buying a mansion out of gree d. He is ravenous for Daisys attention. Daisy represents a life filled with luxuries and money and essentially, the American Dream. Gatsby was never able to let that idea go so he devotes the majority of his time to Daisy.Fitzgeralds novel represents a life full of corruption and mimics the idea of love. It intertwines the ideas of obsession, destruction, and greed among the characters. Gatsby and Daisys relationship focuses on the materialism of the era. Instead of truly falling in love with one another, they fell in love with the idea of each other. Gatsby fell in love with the Daisy that no longer existed and Daisy fell in love with what Gatsby represented greed, money, corruption, and luxuries. The love presented in The Great Gatsby was not love, but an unhealthy infatuation of obsession and greed. Fitzgerald describes the nature of love to be unscrupulous. The characters were not in love, but rather in love with a perfect idea of one another that did not exist.

Navajo Code Talkers: the Unspoken Heroes of World War II

Its a normal day in June 1944 and we were located on the Pacific Island of Saipan. As were walking by dint of the lush, tangled wilderness with dense sugar-cane, steep ravines and jagged volcanic mountains, there was no such thing as a battle line for us soldiers. Danger was everywhere. The unseen enemy could be hidden by the thick tropical vegetation and the pitch black darkness of the new mooned night. Our eyes where unendingly looking from the left to the right as we crossed by the walls of caves looking at the trees spr bring outing out of them for barrels pointing rearward.When we would stop for the night, we cherished the passing day, for we hit the hay tomorrow could be our last. One morning as we woke up from our uncomfortable beds, the ground, we noticed a silence along the enemy front. Carefully we scouted the terrain. They were gone. The Japanese had toss out the world and retreated to new ground. As we inspected the area where they once occupied, suddenly artillery shells set off all around us. I jumped to the ground as shrapnel exploded and flew all overhead striking the tree that was behind me. We were being attacked. Not by the Japanese, but from our own guns.The radioman started shouting, We are Americans Stop The Artillery Nothing stopped, for the artillery commanders face up a cognize problem. The Japanese were far more than fluent in English thence we were in Japanese and have been known to send out faulty reports in perfect English. They thought it was just an enemy trick. Stop Firing We are Americans was echoed through the radio, each one more desperate then the last. Finally, a message was sent back, Do you have a Navajo? I was rushed forward, almost swept off my feet. Handing over my rifle to the radioman and started talking code. in spite of appearance seconds the artillery stopped (Bruchac 2005, 135-7). This was a reenactment of an incident involving the United States marines during World struggle II. Sixteen-year-old Ned Begay, a Native American Navajo from Arizona, was at this fire fight on Bougainville, an area of Saipan, where U. S. troops fired on their own solders, not knowing that they were not the enemy. If it wasnt for the Navajo code talker, more men would have died that day. This paper will embrace some(prenominal) topics about the Navajo code talkers, including how they were formed, how the code was used to save American lives throughout the war.Finally, I will talk about what happened to the after the war. By providing this information, I how that it will strike a new incite of what the unspoken heroes of World War II went through. During the beginning of World War II, the Japanese was able to secede every code that the United States created. The Japanese had more solders that were fluent in English, making it easy to crack the codes and create false orders that would sent our solders to their death. While the U. S. army was struggling with a way to find an unbeatable code, a civili an came up with the answer.Philip Johnston, a civil engineer for the city of Los Angles, came across a parole article stating that the military had an armored division in Louisiana that was using Native American spoken communications for secret communications. Philip Johnston, son of William and Margaret Johnston, was a Protestant missionary to the Navajo for many years. Philip had spent his childhood with the Navajo and was one of the few outsiders to be fluent in the Navajo language.At an early age, he served as a translator for his parents and for other outsiders and by the age of nine, Philip traveled to Washington D.C. to translate for a Navajo delegation that asked President Theodore Roosevelt to look into the governments treatment of the Navajos and their neighbors (AAaseng 1992, 18). Philip knew that the Navajo language was virtually impossible for an adult to master. Every syllable in the Navajo language had to pronounce correctly. Of one was to change the tone of the syl lables, the word could have a completely polar meaning, causing the sentence to misunderstood. This was due to the Navajo uses of four different tones, low, high, rising, and falling (AAaseng 1992, 18).Johnston had learned how secret codes where essential for military operation while enlisted with the French during World War I. The more he thought about it, the more convinced he was that it would work. In February of 1942, Johnston met with Lieutenant Colonel James Jones, a signal ships officer, and was greeted with uncertainty and misbelieves. Johnston pointed out that knowledge of other Native American languages would be of no use to the enemy in understanding the Navajo language. Navajos where so isolated from the world that the language was as foreign to other tribes as it was to outsiders.In addition to this, the Navajo language was a spoken language and had no alphabet and there for couldnt be reduced to a written format that can be analyse afar. After many hours of argumen ts and demonstrations, in March 1942, he was able to present a demonstration to an audience that included Major General Vogel and Colonel Wethered Woodward from the marine home base in Washington D. C. Johnston was able to gain the cooperation of four Navajos living in the Las Angeles area and a Navajo who was enlisted with the marines (AAaseng 1992, 21).He divided the four Navajos into devil groups and had the sent messages back and forth, while the Navajo marine was attempting to translate the messages. After the demonstration, the Navajo marine was unable to translate a signal word. General Vogel was so impressed that in February 1942, just two months after the booming of Pear Harbor, Philip Johnston was asked to prepare a proposal for organizing and using the Navajo code Talkers. In May 1942, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp. They were known as the first 29. At Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, this first group created the Navajo code.They developed an el aborate dictionary and hundreds of words for military terms (Navajo Code Talkers World War II Fact Sheet n. d. ) . The dictionary and all code words had to be memorized during training for the Navajos where not allowed to write down any of of the code. Furthermore, while enlisted, they were not allowed to write to their families for fear that the letters would be used to try to break the code. Once the Navajo code talker completed his training, he was sent to a Marine unit who was deployed in the Pacific.The code talkers primary job was to talk, transmitting information on tactics and troop movements, orders and other vital battle topic communications over telephones and radios. They also acted as messengers, and performed general Marine duties. While in combat, it was rumered that for each code talker, there was an officer as sign-language(a) to protect him from cabture. If for any reason that the officer felt that the code would fall into enamy hands, the officer was ordered to k ill the code talker to protect the code. One of the great triumphs for the Navajo code talkers was the battle at invasion of Iwo Jima in February of 1945.The island was so small that on most maps you couldnt see the island at all. Although small, this island was of great importance. The new boomers that the United States were using, the B-29, was flying a 3000-mile round-trip when booming Japan. due to the length of this trip many pilots where getting shot down. Iwo Jima was the answer. Iwo Jima would be able to be used as an emergency landing field to assist the pilots chances. At Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, had six Navajo Code Talkers (Bingaman n. d. ) . The Major estimated that it would only dribble ten days, at the max, to win the battle.A month later, in March, was the island declared secure. By the end of the battle, the Navajo code talkers send and received over 800 messages, all without error, 6,800 U. S. soldiers died and almost 20 ,000 more where wounded. Major Connor declared, Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima (AAaseng 1992, 88-97) . September 2, 1945 aboard the battleship A. S. S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the surrender from the Japanese was signed and World War II was officially over. The Navajo code was unable to be broken throughout the war.Because of this the code was classified as Top unavowed and would remain so for over twenty years after the end of the war. It wasnt until 1968 that the code was declassified and the Navajo code talkers would be able to tell their story. In 1982, the code talkers were given a Certificate of Recognition by U. S. President Ronald Reagan, who also named August 14, 1982 Navajo Code Talkers Day (Jr. n. d. ) . On December 21, 2000, Bill Clinton signed Public Law 106-554, 114 Statute 2763, which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to twenty-nine World War II Navajo code talkers.In July 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush in person pres ented the Medal to four surviving code talkers at a ceremony held in the Capitol Rotunda in Washington, DC. Gold medals were presented to the families of the 24 code talkers that where no longer with us (Gray 2001) . For many the Navajo code talkers played an important role in World War II. From when Johnston realized how the Navajo language would benefit America, the formation of the code, and how long it would take for the Navajo to be recognized for their part in the war, the Navajo where truly the unspoken heroes of World War II.

The Indigo Spell Chapter One

THIS WASNT THE FIRST TIME Id been pulled divulge of bed for a authoritative mission. It was, however, the first time Id been subjected to such a personal line of questioning. are you a virgin?Huh? I rubbed my sleepy eyes, undecomposed in case this was exclusively intimately sort of bizarre dream that would disappear. An urgent phone call had dragged me step to the fore(p) of bed five minutes ago, and I was having a little spat adjusting.My history teacher, Ms. Terwilliger, leaned closer and borrowed the question in a stage whisper I said, are you a virgin?Um, yes. . .I was fully kindle directly and glanced uneasily near my dorms lobby, making sure no one was around to witness this crazy exchange. I didnt hold lynchpin to worry. Aside from a bored-looking desk accompaniment on the far side of the room, the lobby was empty, probably because no sane person would be up at this time of night. When Ms. Terwilligers call had woken me, shed demanded I strike her here for a l ife-or-death matter. Getting interrogated ab step up my personal life wasnt quite what Id expected.She stepped ass and sighed in relief. Yes, of course. Of course youre a virgin.I narrowed my eyes, faint- copted if I should be glumended or non. Of course? Whats that supposed to mean? Whats sledding on?She immediately snapped back to attention and pushed her wire-rimmed glasses up the span of her nose. They were al centerings slipping down. No time to explain. We have to go. She grabbed hold of my arm, that I resisted and stayed where I was.Maam, its three in the morning And then, just so shed fancy the severity of the situation On a school night.Never mind that. She turned in the direction of the desk attendant and called across the room, Im taking Sydney Melrose with me. Mrs. Weathers can deliberate with me any(prenominal)what the cur a couple of(prenominal) tomorrow.The attendant looked startled, but she was just round college student whod been hired to sit at that pl ace overnight. She was no match for the formidable Ms. Terwilliger, with her tall, gangly stature and bird exchangeable face. The original authority trammeling girls in my dorm was the security guard outside, but he simply nodded in a friendly way when Ms. Terwilliger dragged me past. It made me esteem just how m any girls shed abducted in the middle of the night.Im in my pajamas, I told her. It was the live protest I could offer as we reached her car, which was parked in a rouse lane. She drove a red Volkswagen Beetle with flowers painted on the sides. Somehow, this didnt surprise me in the least.Youll be fine, she said, fishing car keys out of her massive velvet purse. somewhat us, the desert night was cool and silent. Tall palm trees created dark, spider a corresponding shapes against the sky. Beyond them, a full moon and smattering of stars glittered. I wrapped my arms around myself, touching the soft fabric of my microfleece robe. Underneath it, I had on full-length striped pajamas paired with fluffy beige slippers. The ensemble worked well in my snug dorm room but wasnt exactly practical for a Palm Springs night. But then, sledding out in pajamas wasnt really practical in any place.She unlocked the car, and I stepped gingerly inside, having to dodge empty paper coffee cups and old issues of Utne Reader. My neat sensibilities cringed at that kind of mess, but it was the least of my worries right now.Ms. Terwilliger, I said, once we were driving through the suburban streets. Whats going on? Now that we were out of the dorm, I hoped shed start talking sense. I hadnt forgotten her life-or-death colour and was beginning to grow nervous.Her eyes were on the bridle-path ahead of us, and lines of worry marked her angular face. I need you to cast a spell.I froze as I tried to process her row. Not long ago, this proclamation wouldve sent me into protests and fits of revulsion. Not that I was comfortable with it now. Magic all the same freaked me out. Ms. Terwilliger taught at my private spirited school, Amberwood Prep, by day and was a witch at night. She said I, too, possessed a natural affinity for magic and had managed to teach me some spells, despite my outgo efforts to resist. I actually had a few good reasons for needinessing to avoid anything arcane. Aside from inborn beliefs about magic being wrong, I simply didnt want to get caught up in any more supernatural affairs than I had to. I already spent my days as part of a secret society that kept vampires secret from the human world. That and my schoolwork were enough to keep anyone busy.Nonetheless, her magical training had gotten me out of some dangerous situations recently, and I was no longer so quick to dismiss it. So, her suggesting I perform magic wasnt the weirdest thing going on here.Why would you need me for that? I asked. There were few cars out, but occasionally, passing headlights would cast a ghostly light over us. Youre a million times more powerful. I cant ca st a section of the things you can.Power is one thing, she admitted. But there are other limitations and factors at work here. I cant cast this particular spell.I crossed my arms and slouched back in the seat. If I kept focusing on the practical aspects, I could ignore how worried I was growing. And it couldnt have waited until morning?No, she said gravely. It could not.Something about the emotional state of her articulatio sent chills down my spine, and I fell silent as we proceed our drive. We were headed outside of the city and suburbs, into the wilds of the true desert. The farther we drove from civilization, the darker it became. Once we were off the freeway, there were no streetlights or houses in sight. Spiky desert shrubs created dark shapes along the side of the road that put me in mind of crouching animals, ready to pounce. Theres no one out here, I thought. And no one back at Amberwood knows youre here either.I shifted uneasily as I recalled her virgin question. Was I going to be a sacrifice in some unholy ritual? I wished that Id thought to bring my cell phone not that I could have told my organization, the Alchemists, that I was spending so much time with a magic user. And not just any magic user one who was teaching me to induce one too. Better to risk being sacrificed than face the Alchemists wrath.Twenty minutes later, Ms. Terwilliger finally pulled to a stop along the side of a dusty one-lane road that seemed to be a direct route to nowhere. She got out of the car and motioned for me to do the same. It was colder here than it had been back at Amberwood. Looking up into the night sky, I caught my breath. unloose of the city lights, the stars were now out in full force. I could see the Milky Way and a dozen constellations usually hidden to the naked eye. woolgather later, she said curtly. We need to hurry, before the moon progresses much further.A moonlight ritual, a barren desert, virgin sacrifice . . . what had I just foolishly walked into? The way Ms. Terwilliger pushed me into magic always annoyed me, but I never thought she posed a threat. Now I berated myself for being so naive.She tossed a duffle bag bag over one shoulder and headed off into a desolate stretch of land, dotted with rocks and scraggly vegetation. Even with the brilliant celestial display there wasnt much light out here, yet she walked purposefully, as though she knew exactly where she was going. I dutifully followed, wincing as I crossed the rocky ground. My fuzzy slippers had never been intended for this sort of terrain.Here, she said when we reached a down(p) clearing. She carefully set down the duffel bag and knelt to rifle through it. Thisll do.The desert that was so unmercifully hot in the day became cold at night, but I was windlessness sweating. Probably my own anxiety had more to do with that than the temperature or to a great extent pajamas. I retied my robe more tightly making a perfect knot. I found that kind of detail and routi ne soothing.Ms. Terwilliger produced a large prolate mirror with a scalloped silver frame. She set it down in the middle of the clearing, glanced up at the sky, and then shifted the mirror over a little. answer here, Miss Melbourne. She pointed to a spot opposite her, on the other side of the mirror. Sit there and make yourself comfortable.At Amberwood, I went by the name of Sydney Melrose, sort of than my true one, Sydney Sage. Ms. Terwilliger had gotten my made-up name wrong on the first day of class, and it, unfortunately, stuck. I followed her directions, not that I could really get all that comfortable out here. I was pretty sure I could hear some large animal scuffling out in the brush and added coyotes to my mental list of dangers I face out here, right below magic use and lack of coffee.Now then. Lets get started. Ms. Terwilliger peered at me with eyes that were dark and frightening in the desert night. Are you wearing anything metal? You need to take it off.No, I oh. W ait.I reached around my neck and unfastened a delicate gold chain that held a small cross. Id had the necklace for years but had recently stipulation it to someone else, for comfort. Hed given it back to me recently, by way of our mutual friend Jill Mastrano Dragomir. Even now, I could picture the irate look on her face as shed stormed up to me at school and thrust the cross into my hand without a word.I stared at the cross now as it gleamed in the moonlight. A queasy feeling welled up in the pit of my stomach as I thought about Adrian, the guy Id given it to. Id done so before he professed his love for me, something that had caught me totally off guard a few weeks ago. But maybe I shouldnt have been so surprised. The more I looked back and I did so all the time the more I began to recall telltale signs that should have tipped me off to his feelings. Id just been too blind to notice at the time.Of course, it wouldnt have mattered if Id seen it coming or not. Adrian was totally u nsuitable for me, and it had nothing to do with his many vices or potential course into insanity. Adrian was a vampire. True, he was a Moroi one of the good, living vampires but it made no difference. humankind and vampires couldnt be together. This was one point the Moroi and Alchemists stood firmly together on. It was still amazing to me that Adrian had voiced those feelings to me. It was amazing that he could all the same have them or that hed had the nerve to kiss me, even if it was a kiss that had left me dizzy and breathless.Id had to reject him, of course. My training would allow nothing less. Our situation here in Palm Springs forced the two of us to constantly be together in neighborly situations, and it had been rough since his declaration. For me, it wasnt just the awkwardness of our new relationship. I . . . well, I missed him. Before this debacle, he and I had been friends and spent a lot of time together. Id gotten utilize to his smirky smile and the quick bante r that always flowed between us. Until those things were gone, I hadnt realized how much I relied on them. How much I needed them. I matt-up empty inside . . . which was ridiculous, of course. Why should I care so much about one vampire?Sometimes it made me angry. Why had he washed-up such a good thing between us? Why had he made me miss him so much? And what had he expected me to do? He had to have known it was impossible for us to be together. I couldnt have feelings for him. I couldnt. If wed lived among the Keepers a group of uncivilized vampires, humans, and dhampirs maybe he and I could have . . . no. Even if I had feelings for him and I firmly told myself I didnt it was wrong for us to even consider such a relationship.Now Adrian utter to me as little as possible. And always, always, he watched me with a haunted look in his green eyes, one that made my heart ache and Ah What is that?I squirmed as Ms. Terwilliger dumped a bowl full of dried leaves and flowers over my head . Id been so fixated on the cross and my memories that I hadnt seen her coming.Rosemary, she said matter-of-factly Hyssop. Anise. Dont do that. Id reached up to pull some of the leaves out of my hair. You need that for the spell.Right, I said, getting back to business. I set the cross carefully on the ground, trying to clear my mind of green, green eyes. The spell that only I can do. Why is that again?Because it has to be done by a virgin, she explained. I tried not to grimace. Her words implied that she was not a virgin, and even if that made sense for a forty-year-old woman, it still wasnt a thought I wanted to spend a lot of time on. That, and the person were looking for has protect herself from me. But you? You she wont expect.I looked down at the shining mirror and understood. This is a s exclaiming spell. Why arent we doing the one I did before?Not that I was eager to repeat that spell. Id used it to find someone, and it had involved me staring into a bowl of water for hours. Still, now that I knew how to do it, I knew I could perform it again. Besides, I didnt like the idea of walking into a spell I knew nothing about. Words and herbs were one thing, but what else might she ask of me? Endanger my soul? Give up my blood?That spell only works for someone you know, she explained. This one will help you find someone youve never met before.I frowned. As much as I didnt like magic, I did like problem solving and the puzzles magic often presented intrigued me. How will I know who to look for, then?Ms. Terwilliger handed me a photograph. My eyes had adjusted to the phantasma, and I looked into the face of a pretty young woman. There was a striking resemblance between her and my teacher, though it wasnt initially obvious. quite an than Ms. Terwilligers dull brown hair, this womans was dark, nearly black. She was besides much more glamorous, dressed in a black satin evening gown that was a far cry from Ms. Terwilligers usual hippie attire. Despite those oste nsible differences, the two women shared the same high cheekbones and aquiline eyes.I glanced back up. Shes related to you.Shes my older sister, Ms. Terwilliger confirmed, her voice unco flat. Older? I wouldve guessed this woman was at least ten years younger.Is she missing? I asked. When Id scried before, it had been to find a kidnapped friend.Ms. Terwilligers lips twitched. Not in the way youre thinking. From the immortal duffel bag, she produced a small leather book and opened it to a marked page. Squinting at where she indicated, I could make out handwritten Latin words describing the mirror and herbal concoction shed dumped on me. Following that were directions on how to use the spell. No bloodletting, thankfully.It sounds too simple, I said suspiciously. Id learned that spells that only had a few steps and components usually required a lot of mental energy. Id passed out from the other scrying spell.She nodded, guessing my thoughts. It takes a lot of focus more than the las t one. But, as much as you dont want to hear this, your strength has grown enough that youll probably have an easier time than before.I scowled. She was right. I didnt want to hear that.Or did I?Part of me knew I should refuse to go along with this madness. Another part of me worried shed abandon me in the desert if I didnt help. And still another part was insanely curious to see how this would all work.Taking a deep breath, I recited the books incantation and then set the picture in the middle of the mirror. I repeated the incantation and removed the picture. Leaning forward, I stared into the shining surface, trying to clear my mind and let myself become one with the darkness and moonlight. A hum of energy coursed through me, much more quickly than I expected. Nothing changed in the mirror right away, though. Only my demonstration peered back at me, the poor lighting dulling my blond hair, which looked terrible both from sleeping on it and having a bunch of dried plants hanging i n its strands.The energy continued to build in me, growing surprisingly warm and exhilarating. I closed my eyes and sank into it. I felt like I was floating in the moonlight, like I was the moonlight. I couldve stayed that way forever.Do you see anything?Ms. Terwilligers voice was an unwelcome interruption to my blissful state, but I obediently opened my eyes and looked into the mirror. My reflection was gone. A silvery gray mist hung in front of a building, but I knew the mist wasnt physical. It was magically produced, a mental barrier to keep me from seeing the image that lay beyond it. Strengthening my will, I pushed my mind passed that barrier, and after a few moments, the mist shattered.I see a building. My voice echoed oddly in the night. An old Victorian house. Dark red, with a traditional covered porch. There are hydrangea bushes in front of it. Theres a sign too, but I cant read it.Can you tell where the house is? My teachers voice seemed very far away. Look around it.I tri ed to pull back, to extend my hallucination beyond the house. It took a few moments, but slowly, the image panned out as though I were watching a movie, revealing a neighborhood of similar houses, all Victorian with wide porches and creeping vines. They were a beautiful, perfect piece of history set in the modern world.Nothing exact, I told her. Just some quaint residential street.Go back further. See the larger picture.I did, and it was like I drifted up into the sky, looking down upon the neighborhood the way some soaring bird would. The houses extended into more neighborhoods, which eventually gave way to industrial and commercial areas. I continued moving back. The businesses became more and more densely packed. to a greater extent streets crisscrossed between them. The buildings grew taller and taller, eventually materializing into a familiar skyline.Los Angeles, I said. The house is on the outskirts of Los Angeles.I heard a sharp intake of breath, followed by convey you, Mi ss Melbourne. That will be all.A hand suddenly waved across my field of vision, shattering the city image. Also shattered was that state of euphoria. I was no longer floating, no longer made of light. I came crashing down to reality, down to the rocky desert landscape and my stuffy pajamas. I felt exhausted and shaky, like I might faint. Ms. Terwilliger handed me a thermos full of orange juice, which I drank greedily. As the nutrients hit my system and strengthened me, I began to feel a little better. Intense magic use depleted blood sugar.Does that help? I asked, once Id downed the thermos. A nagging voice inside me started to chastise about how many calories were in orange juice, but I ignored it. Was that what you wanted to know?Ms. Terwilliger gave me a smile that didnt extend to her eyes. It helps, yes. Was it what I wanted? She stared off into the distance. No, not exactly. I was hoping youd name some other city. Some city far, far away.I picked up my cross and refastened it a round my neck. The familiar object brought on a sense of normality after what Id just done. It also made me feel guilty, looking back on the euphoric high the magic had given me. Humans werent supposed to wield magic and they certainly werent supposed to enjoy it. Running my fingers over the crosss surface, I found myself thinking of Adrian again. Had he ever worn it? Or had he just kept it around for luck? Had his fingers traced the crosss shape like mine often did?Ms. Terwilliger began gathering her things. When she stood up, I followed suit. What does it mean exactly, maam? I asked. That I saw Los Angeles?I followed her back toward the car, and she didnt answer right away. When she did, her voice was uncharacteristically grim. It means that shes much closer than I would like. It also means, whether you want to or not, youre going to have to work on improving your magical skills very, very quickly.I came to a halt. Suddenly, I felt angry. Enough was enough. I was exhausted and ac hed all over. Shed dragged me out here in the middle of the night and now had the presumption to make a statement like that when she knew how I felt about magic? Worse, her words frightened me. What did I have to do with this? This was her spell, her cause. Yet, shed given the directive with such force, such certainty, that it almost seemed as though I was the reason wed come out here to this wasteland.Maam I began.Ms. Terwilliger spun around and leaned toward me so that there were only a few inches between us. I gulped, swallowing whatever outraged words Id been about to utter. Id never seen her look like this. She wasnt scary, not exactly, but there was an intensity Id never seen before, far different from the usual scattered teacher I knew. She also looked . . . frightened. Life or death.Sydney, she said, in a rare use of my first name. Let me assure you that this is not some trick on my part. You will rectify upon your skills, whether you like it or not. And its not because I m cruel, not because Im trying to fulfill some selfish desire. Its not even because I hate seeing you waste your ability. then(prenominal) why? I asked in a small voice. Why do I need to learn more?The wind whispered around us, blowing some of the dried leaves and flowers from my hair. The shadows we cast took on an ominous feel, and the moonlight and starlight that had seemed so divine earlier now felt cold and harsh.Because, Ms. Terwilliger said. Its for your own protection.

Discrimination in the workplace Essay

Discrimination in the snip is a common style that occurs in each occupations and industries. It can occur whether you work for a large or small organization, youre a boss, or just starting out. In an ideal world people would be equal in rights, opportunities, and responsibilities, despite their race or gender. In the world we see in, however, we constantly face all kinds of neglect base on different attributes. All over the world, certain people treat separates with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, this happens even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices specifically, in offices and other business organization surroundings. This phenomenon is called workplace favouritism non every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as disparity. So, what exactly is workplace discrimination? Basically, it can be defined as a less favorable treatment towards an cloak-and-dagger or a group of individual istics at work, usually based on their nationality, skin color, end up, marital status, age, trade union activity, or other defining attributes (Australian human race Rights Commission).It can pop out as a denial of certain rights, negligent treatment, intentional underestimating of a workers personality or work results and achievements, and so on. A person can be discriminated by their employers, or by their coworkers as well. Discrimination can result into severe psychological consequences for the victim, such as emotional seek and anxiety. Discrimination often causes an employee to leave the workplace, resign from a position, or in severe cases, to commit suicide or act violently against the discriminators. Workplace discrimination can take more(prenominal) open and threatening forms, which ar known as workplace harassment. It occurs when an employee is made to feel intimidated, insulted or humiliated, based on such features as race, ethnic tooth root, gender, physical or mental disability, or on any other characteristic specified under legislation (AHRC). The two close to radical forms of workplace harassment are the application of physical force-out, or sexual harassment women are especially exposed to this kind of discrimination.Workplace violence can take several forms the instantly exercise of physical force against a worker that causes or could cause injuries to the worker an attempt to exercise such physical force or a statement or behavior that a worker can reasonably interpret as a threat to exercise physical force (Ontario Ministry of Labor). Sexual harassment cantake the form of obscene jokes and allusions intrusive body contacts inappropriate gestures, or even direct actions aimed at sexual contact. There are several ways to deal with workplace discrimination such measures can be held two on the individual and on the collective level. Individuals who have experienced discrimination or harassment at work, are recommended to stand fi rm under verbal attacks, remain convinced(p) about their own abilities and judgments, and try not to stay al integrity with the abusive person (UnionSafe). At the same time, collective measures can be taken as well.They usually include calling for a meeting in a quiet confidential place in order to admit and discuss the bother complaining to competent authorities developing respective policies together with sanctions applied in case there is an infringement enacted by workers. Unfortunately, we do not live in a perfect world, and not all people can enjoy equal opportunities and rights. This refers not only to our personal lives, but to our working environs as well employees can be discriminated and abused because of certain features they possess, such as the color of skin, their ethnicity or gender, age, marital status, disabilities, and so on. To eliminate workplace discrimination, both individual and collective preventive measures should be made.ReferencesWhat Is Workplace Dis crimination and Harassment? Australian Human Rights Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. . Preventing Workplace Violence And Workplace Harassment. Ontario Ministry of Labor. N.p., July 2011. Web. 05 July 2013. Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace. UnionSafe. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. .Discipline & DischargeAn employer whitethorn not take into account a persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national personal credit line, age (40 or older), disability or genic information when making decisions about discipline or discharge. For example, if two employees commit a similar offense, an employer many not discipline them differently because of their race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. When deciding which employees will be laid off, an employer may not choose the oldest workers because of their age. Employersto a fault may not discriminate when deciding which workers to rec all after a layoff.HarassmentIt is illegal to harass an employee because of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to harass someone because they have complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an exercise discrimination investigation or lawsuit. Harassment can take the form of slurs, graffiti, offensive or derogatory comments, or other verbal or physical conduct. Sexual harassment (including unwished sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct of a sexual nature) is also unlawful. Although the law does not annihilate simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal if it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or if it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim organism fired or demoted).The harasser can b e the victims supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or someone who is not an employee of the employer, such as a client or customer. Harassment outside of the workplace may also be illegal if there is a link with the workplace. For example, if a supervisor harasses an employee while driving the employee to a meeting. Prohibited meshing Policies/Practices on a lower floor the laws enforced by EEOC, it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to retaliate against a person because he or she complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. The law forbids discrimination in every aspect of employment.The laws enforced by EEOC prohibit an employer or other covered entity from using neutral emp loyment policies and practices that have a disproportionately negative effect on applicants or employees of a particular race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or national origin, or on an individual with a disability or class of individuals with disabilities, if the polices or practices at issue are not course-related and necessary to the operation of thebusiness. The laws enforced by EEOC also prohibit an employer from using neutral employment policies and practices that have a disproportionately negative impact on applicants or employees age 40 or older, if the policies or practices at issue are not based on a reasonable factor other than age. 2. Which federal laws cover language discrimination?Title seven-spot of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that protects individuals from discrimination based upon national origin and race. Some courts and governmental agencies have said that discrimination based on language is a form of national origin discriminatio n because primary language is closely related to the place a person comes from. So if you are being discriminated against for using that language, or because of characteristics having to do with that language, that is considered essentially the same as if you were being discriminated against because of your national origin. This area of the law is still developing, however, so you should also consult with a local attorney for more information. 6. Can I be asked not to announce my native language at work or to speak English only? A rule requiring employees to speak only English at all times on the job may bollocks up the law, unless an employer shows it is necessary for conducting business.If an employer believes the English-only rule is critical for business purposes, employees have to be told when they essential speak English and the consequences for violating the rule. Any negative employment decision based on breaking the English-only rule will be considered evidence of natio nal origin discrimination if the employer did not tell employees of the rule, except in several western states as noted below. In atomic number 20, as of January 1, 2002, there is a specific legal provision which makes it illegal for an employer to adopt or enforce a insurance policy that limits or prohibits the use of any language in any workplace, unless both of the following conditions exist (1) the language restriction is justified by a business destiny and (2) the employer has notified its employees of the circumstances and the time when the language restriction is required to be observed and of the consequences for violating the language restriction.Business necessity is defined as an overriding legitimate business purpose such that the language restriction is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of the business, that the language restrictioneffectively fulfills the business purpose it is supposed to serve, and there is no alternative practice to the language restr iction that would accomplish the business purpose equally well with a lesser loaded impact. In the states of Alaska, Arizona, California (but the above state law still applies), Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, there is a court decision that requires one of the following two circumstances for an employee to challenge a speak-English-only policy in the workplace under federal law the rule is applied to employees who speak no English or who have difficulty speaking English or the policy creates, or is part of, a work environment that is hostile toward national origin minority employees. If, initially, an employee is able to show that either of those conditions applies, the employer must(prenominal) show some business necessity, a sufficiently compelling and clearly job-related need, for the policy.Even if the employer does demonstrate business necessity, the policy is still illegal if there are less discriminatory alternatives to the policy that achieve the sa me goals just as effectively. At this point, although the law on language discrimination continues to evolve, employees in the U.S. but not in these states do not have to show either of the two conditions. The mere existence of a policy, whether or not it affects or targets national origin minority employees, is evidence of discrimination which may only be overcome by the employers business necessity. In Nebraska, a statute called the Protections for NonEnglish intercommunicate Employees Law offers several protections for workers whose primary language is not English. The law applies to employers that employ 100 or more workers and recruit or hire nonEnglish-speaking workers residing more than 500 miles from the place of employment, and where more than 10 percent of the employers workforces are non-English-speaking and speak the same non-English language.Employers must provide non-English-speaking workers with required written information about the job and obtain the persons signat ure on a statement acknowledging having received that information before hiring. Employers are required to provide bilingual employee interpreters to aid non-English speaking workers in carrying out their job responsibilities and to provide them with information on community services. Employers are also required to transport employees who quit within 4 weeks back to the locations from which they were recruited.More people in the workforce are claiming discrimination overtheir English-speaking ability or foreign accents, according to federal officials.Workplace discrimination complaints based on national origin which often involve language ability rose by 76 percent from 1997 to 2011, when more than 11,800 complaints were lodged with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The EEOC attributes the trend to a more ethnically diverse labor force about 45 million Americans speak a language other than English at home. Civil-rights advocates say workplace environments have gr own more hostile in states enacting tough new immigration laws.It is a common quandary employees complain about co-workers speaking other languages at work, conflicts arise, teamwork suffers, and morale issues begin invading the organization. These complaints usually center on an employees perception that it is rude for co-workers to speak another language at work, that such actions are intended to be deliberately exclusive and to make other employees feel uncomfortable. Employees feel they are being talked about, laughed at or even plotted against. Yet, Title VII protects employees from national origin discrimination, and therefore, employers must allow employees to have conversations in their native languages, unless there is a reasonable business need to require English-only rules during working hours. So what can HR do to resolve this conflict when English-only rules do not apply, such as during break times and lunches, and for businesses that cannot justify such a policy? First , educate employees on discrimination laws and work to foster inclusion.Start with presentations on national origin discrimination and show the correlation between native languages being allowed in the workplace and the law. Work to create a presentation that shows common misconceptions on both sides and engenders respect for each other. Employees should be well informed of the companys discrimination policy, which should also include the use of languages and guidance on what would constitute discriminatory or harassing behaviors. It should be communicated to all employees that failure to abide by the companys policy and its expectations may result in disciplinary action, including termination. HR must also search for ways to ensure that inclusion is an integral part of the companys culture. Providing a cohesive environment where everyone is respected and valued is racy to ensuring organizational success. Employees may find iteasier to assume that others are deliberately speaking a foreign language to hide something rather than to take the time to come across anothers point of view.Conversely, always excluding employees from conversations by using another language can be un passe-partout, unfair to co-workers and not in the best interests of the employer. conversion and inclusion training should include awareness of cultural differences and the challenges non-native-English speakers may currently or once have faced, such as trying to fit into a new culture, being understood when conducting daily activities and being accepted and included at work. Employees also need to respect those fluent in more than one language. These individuals are able to speak English, but at times choose to speak to others in another common language. This is a natural way of share-out a part of their heritage while providing enjoyment in speaking a language that they both share. Finally, the organizations management must move the talk and be ready to address situations that affect their teams or jeopardize the employers goals and vision for the organization.SHRM HR Knowledge nucleusAs a schoolmaster member of SHRM, you can receive free, exclusive access to the HR Knowledge Center. Our advisors have many years of HR experience and a wide potpourri of resources to assist you with your HR questions. You may reach the Knowledge Center at (800) 283-7476, Option 5 or by using the HR Knowledge Center Request Form.Express RequestsThe HR Knowledge Center has gathered resources on current topics in HR management. Click here to view and request information. have reuse/copying permission See more athttp//www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/whydosomeemployeesreactnegativelytootherlanguagesatwork.aspxsthash.961esjei.dpufAnother step HR can take to prevent discrimination is to encourage cooperation and friendly, professional work relationships by creatingdiverse departments or work areas throughout the company.Make sure employees know where to report any incidents of discrimination. Be sure to list the flesh of the Human Resources staff member that can document the complaint or report and is able to answer any questions or respond to concerns the employee may have.It is crucial that the HR staff member informs the manager or supervisor about the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the manager is informed and can schedule a private meeting with the employee to explain that they will have to answer the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are taken very mischievously and address in a professional manner.Make any decisions regarding disciplinary action in a timely manner so that employees are not remaining to wonder what the outcome of the situation will be. Another step HR can take to prevent discrimination is to encourage cooperation and friendly, professional work relationships by creating diverse departments or work areas throughout the company.Make sure employees know where to report any incid ents of discrimination. Be sure to list the name of the Human Resources staff member that can document the complaint or report and is able to answer any questions or respond to concerns the employee may have.It is important that the HR staff member informs the manager or supervisor about the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the manager is informed and can schedule a private meeting with the employee to explain that they will have to answer the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are taken very seriously and addressed in a professional manner.Make any decisions regarding disciplinary action in a timely manner so that employees are not left to wonder what the outcome of

Justice Systems in Egypt and in the United States

arbiter system in Egypt and the unify States Brian L. Goodman Daymar College Outline Abstract Introduction III. The Legal Systems A. The United States Legal System B. The Egypt Legal System IV. Types of Crimes V. Components of Justice System in the United States VI. Components of Justice System in Egypt VII. Crimes A. United States B. Egypt VIII. Notes IX. References Abstract Justice System in Egypt and the United States ar similar in many ways. Egypt Justice System bases its felon code on British, Napoleon, and Italian models. on that point are threesome main categories of crime in Egypt right they are minor offenses, misdemeanors and felonies. Egypt law requires that a detained person be brought before a magistrate with 48 hours or released. The United States Justice System enforces the law and defends the interests of the United States according to the law to ensure public precaution against threats foreign and domestic, and to provide federal leadership in preventing an d controlling crime. The United States Justice System uses tail fin components such as local law enforcements, court trails, court cases, trial with grand jury and close and punishment.Justice System in Egypt and the United States The United States is a federal system. The national regimen has enumerated powers, and the lambert takes retain substantial authority. Both the national government and each state government is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. Written constitutions, both federal and state, form a system of separated powers, checks and balances among the branches. Egypt bases its criminal codes and courts operations primarily on British, Italian, and Napoleonic models.Criminal court procedures had been substantially modified by heritage of Moslem legal and social patterns and the legacy of numerous kinds of courts that formerly existed. In ancient Egypt, the rulers, called pharaohs, created the laws of the land and enforced them. The pharaohs h ad hard laws and at times, some very harsh punishments to maintain control over the people. The Egyptians had harsh punishments for breaking the law. The laws were found on common sense view of right and wrong.It depended on which crime the criminal did to figure prohibited which punishment they would receive. Not only would it disgrace them, but it would disgrace their whole family. Now, Egypt uses criminal codes. The criminal codes listed three main categories of crime minor offenses, misdemeanors, and felonies. Lower courts handled the majority of these cases. Capitol crimes that carried a possible death sentence includes murder, manslaughter, fire-raising or the uses of explosives that caused death, rape, treason, and endangerment of state tribute.In Egypt few convictions for capital crimes, however, resulted in execution. Egypt laws required that a detained person be brought before a magistrate and formally charged within 48 hours or released. The accused are empower to p ost bail and had the right to defended by legal counsel. Searches can not be conducted without a warrant. The justice system in the United States is one of the most unique in the world. It consists of two separate levels of courts, state and federal..Most of the laws that govern our day-to-day living are state laws violations of federal law include offenses involving federal government employees, kidnapping or evading arrest, and fraud such as income tax or postal fraud. There are two types of trials criminal and civil. In a criminal trial, the government is prosecuting an individual for an offense that threatens the security of individual citizens. Usually, criminal trials involve actions taken as a result of malicious intent, Civil trials are disputes between two parties. In both instances, the person that charges are eing brought against is the defendant in criminal trials, the government is the prosecution in civil trials. References Introduction to the Justice System An Overvi ew of the Court System in the United States www. library. thinkquest. org The United States Department of Justice, www. justice. gov History of Criminal Justice System, www. lawandliberty. org Andrews, Mark Law and the Legal System in Ancient Egypt www. touregypt. net/featurestories/law. htm Islam Myths, www. muslim-canada. org/Islam_myths. htm Justice Systems in Egypt and the United States

Eddie and Beatrice Essay

During the dance between Catherine and Rodolpho, Marco has a short communion with Eddie and Beatrice. Eddie becomes jealous when Marco brags how well Rodolpho can cook.We eat very well on the boat especi each(prenominal)y when Rodolpho comes on everybody gets fat.Eddie outbursts with jealousy towards Rodolpho saying he cant cook, he cant spill and he cant make dresses.Beatrice and Marco realised that whilst he was saying all of this that Eddie was twisting a paper into a tight roll. Eddie then goes on taking pity on himself.If I could cook, if I could sing, if I could make dressesAs Eddie goes on he gets more and more frustrated and agitated, eventually the newspaper snapped in half.Eddie mentions boxing to Marco. Marco felt uneasy due to the fact he knew Eddie was frustrated. Eddie soon gets to his point crossways he wants to teach Rodolpho boxing. knowing full well that what he had in mind. Beatrice askedWhats he got to conduct that for?As she tries to come up with a reason not to teach him boxing.Eddie begins to teach Rodolpho how to lead with his left wing hand and to block. After all this Eddie temps Rodolpho to hit him.Come on kid, put sumpm butt itRodolpho swings aggressively at Eddies jaw and grazes it. This heats up the tension even more. The audience expects a affair as Eddie should react to the blow. Eddie however does react but pretends that it is an accident but you can see that this is not the case. The effect of Eddies punch on Rodolpho was so fierce that the other characters was totally disgusted by it an knew that it was necessary. Catherine runs to Rodolphos aid and Marco rises and Beatrice tells Eddie,Thats enough.The audience might have expected this part of the scene to issuing in a big fight due to the unnecessary force Eddie used. They were stunned to see Rodolpho smirk and say,I was only surprised.Marco then challenges Eddie. This was a test of strength in which Eddie does not win.Marco displays his strength to all of the char acters. Marco show off his strength and also warn off Eddie using a glare of admonition which quickly reverts to a smile of triumph.This makes the audience feel sorry for Eddie because Marco was now the superior strength in the Carbone household. The audience were left in the dark as the scene ends with Marco holding a chair above Eddies head. Arthur Miller has created the dramatic scene ending.The instant difference between the end of Act I and the end of Act II is that at the end of Act I Marco proves his stength.

Google Strategic Plan Essay

face-liftThe typography aims to examine the strategic syllabus by Google and the societys dominance on the internet. The plow go away leverage my earlier report carding information by synthesizing the information into an informed strategic computer program. intellectual articles and scientific literatures will also be used as a backdrop for the report. The findings from the report point that Google is sweeping the adult male and is currently a threat to Microsoft. The ability to provide relevant expectes and assort seekers to opportunities gives the beau monde a competitive expediency on the internet. However, there ar many companies competing for dominance on the selfsame(prenominal) niche. Nevertheless, Googles accomplishment is farther-flung and long-standing than any new(prenominal) follow imaginable. The report will conclude by providing recommendation with regard to Googles organisational structure and its attention systems. Additionally, in the same end, t he study will provide informed recommendations for commiting a corporate diversification strategy for the friendship.Google Vision, Mission and GoalsGoogles primary armorial bearing is to organize information and make it handy and useful (Google, 2006). The keep fellowship prides itself in the collection, synthesis, analysis and presentation of a range of information packages. Since 1998 when the guild was invented from a minor search engine BackRub in the Silicon Valley, it has great(p) to serve the need of the people around the world. Google en mental imagerys on becoming the greatest, most reliable source of weave information. Through a powerful teamwork and pristine skills in science and technology, Google envisions in pursuing the edge of its expertise to come up with a competitive platform. The platform will be used in the provide of reliable information. Googles aims to provide the trump user experience through emerging technologies and geographies. Finally, the keep attach tos objective is to attain a unique placement in search results focusing exclusively in solving problems and iteration of difficulties (Google, 2006).However, does Google live to the higher up promises? Is thecompanys all overall strategy and operation in line with the advocated values to achieve its mission? Google employs a great team of professionals who ar trained and render on particular aras on interest (Bamford & West, 2010). The culture at the company favors ability over experience just as stated on the companys official wind vanesite. Before a daub is published into Google pages, it has to go through a selected span where it is analyzed by experts and potential flaws (plagiarism, authenticity and confidentiality of the information) identified. This compulsion means that Google is committed to providing reliable information on the internet even as people roll in the hay to present ideas online. Googles privacy terms stipulate that keeping the mesh safe is a overlap responsibility. As a result, it welcomes bloggers and site owners to bear responsibility in the provision of information.The Adsense program features a deuce-week bridle process where it scrutinizes blogging information and ensures that provided articles and essays are at par with the recommended levels. What is more, the Google Safety Centre penalizes plagiarized information by giving it low preference in web search placement. Indeed, the companys legal indemnity terminates any site that does non adhere to the stipulated provisions and does not use the pattern recognized by Googles team. From the preceding(prenominal) initiatives, Google has succeeded in aligning its overall strategy to its mission and goals. Indeed, the company is each(prenominal) day running(a) to improve the patent quality of its software by emphasizing on the need to ex heighten the internet infinitely by solving information needs by people (Fox, 2010).Googles access code to Creat ing a Sustainable Competitive Advantage One of the ten things Google knows as true (companys school of thought https//www.google.com/about/company/philosophy/) is that focusing on the user comes before any other thing. Therefore, the company ensures that every change done will ultimately serve its users. The company takes complete selectation of its visitors whether seek a new interface or joting the look of the homepage. What is more, the company fights to ensure that placement in the search engine is never sold to anyone, courtesy of a great team. The effectiveness of this forward motion is unmatched and peculiarly when it comes to evaluating the guests experience. The impact of clients in any organization is at scoop up exclusive and Google offers no chances of compromise to customer avail. Another approach by Google in the creation of acompetitive advantage is continued iteration of problems. The company does search and features one of the greatest research groups focus ed exclusively in solving problems.Because of collective efforts and teamwork, the company is able to take a leak results and draw a competitive advantage over other Search companies in the industry (Levy, 2011). The continuous improvements know by a committed and ingenious team increase the effectiveness in serving customers and ensuring that they are retained. The companys dedication towards up(p) the search and placement helps the team apply what is learnt in products and services like Google Maps and Gmail. The competitive advantage leveraged by the company ensures that people access and use the ever-expanding information on a daily basis. Google believes that democracy whole kit in the web. The Google search works because it trusts and knows that recognizing the growing need of peoples voice is critical. It, therefore, relies on the one million million of links and posts on the websites to help determine which contents offer exquisite value. The company assesses each web site and link by using approximately 200 signals and a range of techniques like the RankPage algorithm (Levy, 2011).The ability to tweak each persons expectations (a voice on the internet) with a classified technology (algorithm) has given Google a competitive edge in the Search and Placement industry. In the same vein, Google Inc. is open to the development of newer and more improved software because innovation takes place in the collective participation of informed programmers. Hence, Googles direct dominance is courtesy of competitive approaches and techniques. One of them believes that democracy on the internet should be acknowledged and respected. by and by five stratums in the industry, Googles experts turned to information that was not readily available. After list more HTML pages, the company decided to leverage a unique approach of sourcing non-available information and exploring newer paths.This technique worked because it was a matter of identifying a persons phone n umber, address and directory information on the internet. The efforts to contain newer databases into the search allowed the company to find a breakthrough in the juggernaut that had roped the information age for decades. over time, the company realized that these efforts required more creativity like including academic journals, patents, news archives and millions of books and images. The to a higher place efforts allowed the company to realize a competitive advantage. While manycompanies dwelt in the obvious, Google found opportunities outside the popular and brought information across the world (Lynch, 2006). Finally, Google has employed significant efforts and creativity to ensure its position on the web is recognized and maintained. By integrating solution providers to opportunity seekers, the company realizes the potential in connecting people.What is more, the company is every day renewing its organizational structure and business processes to ensure the web is a place for all. The companys strategy is to ensure the variety and quality of information and services is felt even in the far-flung areas of the globe (Vise & Malseed, 2005). The next part of this report describes Googles efforts in the corporate strategy. How does the company merged strategies like vertical consolidation, diversification and globalization? What is the effectiveness of these efforts?Googles Efforts in collective dodgeCorporate strategy is a fast-growing component in intersection. The strategy helps a company to identify loopholes and dyad the gaps through informed decisions (Thomson & Thomson, 2012). Indeed, there exist three distinct corporate strategies globalization, vertical integration and diversification. Luckily, Google as the web king has incorporated all the three strategies in the provision of accurate and reliable information. notwithstanding how has this been achieved?I.Vertical IntegrationVertical integration is a combination of two or more stages of pr oduction by separate company into one company (Thomson & Thomson, 2012). Google has formed a close relationship with Facebook and YouTube. The company holds that the best approach to maximize the value of stakeholders is to maintain a long-term focus on emerging palm on the internet. As a result, the company finds Facebook and YouTube equally powerful in connecting and influencing the web in the scurvy fashion. Although both platforms are formed at the very foundation of Google, they required trusted identification by people signing in. A Facebook account will demand the yahoo or the Gmail sign-up email, and YouTube is exclusively exacting with the Gmail account.The vertical integration between Google and Facebook has established the internet creating a long-term economic gain on baseserving users and providing relevant information. Google explores areas far from its path of production while at the same time owning the wide-cut operational chain. Although Google relies heavily on Facebook and YouTube, the two platforms are formed under a basic round top of Google. Users have to search Facebook and YouTube in Google search page to access and use the platforms. This means that Google owns the entire production chain with slight limitations to usage and exploration.II.DiversificationGoogle has invested in a range of assets in efforts to reduce non-systematic risk. When the company launched Gmail, it realized it had more space than any other email software available (Google, 2006). The company had to employ newer teams and techniques to realize even higher standards for email storage. The above efforts have catapulted Google into the attention of a global audience with millions of sign-ups every day. The company has mixed a variety of investments within its portfolio like Google Maps, Books and Images making up a essence the world will reckon. The ability to come up with newer options has dealt with the risk of changes retaining a large base of clients and users. What is more, although Google Inc. shares viridity goals and objectives, the entire team is highly diversified as nockd in the culture section we let the cat out of the bag diversified languages and come from all parts of the world.The nature of diversity for the company has created a 360-degree, throughout network. Google strives for open culture through diversity by ensuring that its employees recognize and support inclusion of cultures and languages. In its weekly-all reach meetings, the company asks questions and shares opinions and ideas on common problems. Googles offices and cafes are located everywhere so as to make headway interactions between Googlers and other teams of people (Google, 2006). Diversification is an indispensable component for the corporate strategy. The technique allows any company to stretch beyond bounds and leverage information available outside recognized boundaries. Therefore, Google in its vision and aspiration for the future has leveraged diversification as seen in the above carapaces improving operational processes and performances.III.GlobalizationInternational integration in the exchange of ideas, products, worldviews and other aspects of culture is a critical step of corporate strategy. Thee-commerce platform in Google as evident by online merchants and the Adsense program shows strict adherence to globalization. Google has extended to other parts of the world by allowing everyone across the globe to come up with a blog (Blogspot) and sell merchants online. What is more, Google supports conventionally intentional e-commerce platforms like WordPress and Joomla. Google Inc. recognizes that globalization is acknowledging and respecting business innovations and revolutions within the entrepreneurial sphere. Google generates every dollar from advertising sales and has continuously focused on this the market with undivided attention (Yaegar & Sorensen, 2009).Google executives expect that as its presence grows in oth er countries, the bottom line of the company will follow suit. Luckily, without hold in options to its growth, Google has allowed many other companies to expand entrepreneurially through sales of products. EBay and Amazon are the most common merchandising platforms that offer immense value to shoppers. By connecting these platforms to the wider global community, Googles commitment to globalization is bespoke. People have to make buying decisions every day, and Google as a company realizes that and gives everyone a chance to write a review or make a purchase for product(s). What is more, it fully supports and acknowledges ecommerce and serves to ensure that the shopping needs and concerns by people are met. Some data on Googles financial status indicate that it receives less than two-thirds of all income domestically (Wright, 2012). However, these incomes are slated to change dramatically with changing operations globally. This argument supports Googles corporate strategy plan to gl obalization.What is more, it creates knowledge and appreciation about globalization allowing businesses to associate and interact with Google in a competitive fashion. The next part of the report examines recommendation that should be adopted by Google. These are the proposals that will serve to ensure that resources can be remedy leveraged in the creation of a sustainable and competitive advantage for the company. How Google Resources can be better align to create a Competitive Advantage Google should first take advantage of its channel function. What in the search results motivates users the most? For example, the test of Google video as offered by professionals indicated that Google sales grew up to 79% from the year 2006 (Levy, 2011). However over time, the growth rate has been consistent with limited potential for extreme growthrates. Nowadays, Google videos are not the perfect preference by users but an alternative option (Levy, 2011).Sources like YouTube and Vimeo have inte rpreted exclusive control of this important component. Google Inc. should take advantage of its channel function by considering its first approach of verifying videos before display. Uploading of videos in Google should be a comprehensive process. Every person can transfer although Google should take exclusive measures to ensure the footages meet recommended standards. What is more, each video should feature its span on the web to ensure out-dated information do not fluff Google. This recommendation supports that having standards ensures quality attracting more users and clients. What is more, Googles BlogSpot has an elegant performance because Google terminates inappropriate and undercooked blogging platforms. The measures by Google on blogging spheres should be extended to video and footage portfolios.This would serve to ensure that YouTube and Vimeo are the scarcely competitors who can be eliminated gradually through Googles collected efforts. Early 2009, technicians at Google pex knowing a plan-code titled Project group O. The Business Post at untried York Times states that the mission by Googleplex was to design a program that was far more important than Google Inc. and the next search app (Bryant, 2011). Therefore, as the only data-mining giant, Google began to analyze feedback surveys, performance reviews and nominations for top positions at the company. The company correlated phrases, praise, words and complaints. Years later, the plan did not see the light of the day, let along being tested. The New York Times recommends Google to revisit the Project Oxygen plan as advised by its statisticians. The project will be an alternative option for the company in creating a competitive, non-challengeable presence on the internet (Bryant, 2011).Additionally, Google should consider expanding its collection of quality metrics. The acting director at the United States Patent and Trademark office Dr. Focarino recommends the company to come up with a plan that is far much inclusive (Focarino, 2013). The director identifies that the search provides more than enough opportunities for business growth. As a result, he observes that creating a team across the globe, 195 countries, will serve to ensure that the company throws the net far and wide. What is more, expanding the collection of quality metrics will serve to ensure that Googles resources are better aligned to realize a competitive advantage in the Search Resultsand Placements. There is a range of recommendations regarding Googles dominance on the internet. Forbes states that Google as the powerhouse should initiate projects in technical universities across United States. separate recommendations are dear and near to the hearts of Google executives.There range from performance and operations to organizational structures and precaution systems. The next part of this study paper examines how organizational structures in Google can be aligned with caution systems to realize the above r ecommendations. What is the relationship between Googles organizational structures and that of its management system? How can the two be aligned to realize the above proposals? positioning Googles Organization with Management Systems to Realize Results The executive level at Google is uniquely positioned for the management of the company. Larry Page is responsible in leading the companys technological strategy and developing products (Google, 2006). The executive chairman Eric Schmidt cuts the image of an executive with loyal adherence to the company from its yester years as a startup in the Silicon Valley.The list trickles down to the co-founder Sergey, Senior wrong-doing President Brummond, Financial Officer Patrick Pichette and others like Craig Barrat, Alan Eustache, Rachel Whestone and Salar Camangnar for senior positions. The powerful executive structure means that the above recommendations like the development of Project Oxygen and creation of quality metrics can be met. Ali gning organization structures with management systems involves identifying skills and pristine technology talent in people and allocating them roles in the company (Fox, 2010). The management should value talent over experience in efforts to realize a long-term goal for Google Inc. The above recommendations can be met if the company sources the exquisite talent in specified fields and supports their decisions with regard to changes and innovations.With the ruling that success stems from risk, the company should bear risks and ensure that the desired expertise in management is identified and leveraged to work out common goals and meet emerging needs. Many have recommended reasons for Googles success and some view it in complete admiration. Therefore, this means that the company is at the pinnacle of attention and adulation by any metric that you choose. The company should work to maintain the past and current success by identifying opportunities for growth as recommended. The organ izational structure should ensure thatpowerful programs (Project Oxygen and Expansion of Quality metrics) are realized with the right company culture. As the world of technology takes unprecedented twists and turns, the organizational executive should strive to predict the changes by recognizing talent. What is more, the working atmosphere should be designed to improve both the quality and variety of services.Recommendations for Googles Diversification StrategyGoogle as a growing platform faces many opportunities for establishing a corporate diversity. However, it is equally imperative to note that any extension should be limited within the ability and scope of the company. The company should consider limiting their services to targeted audiences with no limitation to race, cultures and ethnicity. The only determining mantra should be that of usage and quality regardless of nations and divisions. What is more, Google should consider establishing itself in other areas such as commerc e in software and development (Bamford, 2010). Monitoring strategic development and planning in other areas must involve contingency just in case of competitive threats. Offering support in software and development business will position the company uniquely because of it proven success. What is more, emerging companies will leverage their services because they recognize Google as a authorized backdrop to exquisite technology. Google should revisit its current initiatives.The customer service and support team at the phoner are exclusively automated. This means that customers who express claims are not put into direct contact with experts. Rather, they are given responses by automated systems. Although this is effective in dealing with bulky issues at the customer service desk, it falls short of quality. The WordPress community help is a classic model of what Google should consider. The community at WordPress allows experts and professionals to create profiles and offer help on beh alf of the company. WordPress as a company offers incentives to ensure that the voice of customers is felt and needs addressed in the desired fashion. Google should therefore consider the above models to uphold quality in customer service and eliminate frustrations faced by automated responses.Every need and concern by clients is unique. Google diversification strategy is a close topic for this report. The approaches used by the company like those of inclusion and ethnic diversity are the best imaginable. Nevertheless, theyare open to judgment. Psychologists argue that differences in backgrounds and cultures limit performances and especially if the share goals serve the interest of many (Lynch, 2006). Googles objective is to provide universal information and make it accessible and fulfilling. However, the foundation of the information is subject to values as advocated by varying cultures. For example, a post in Google might support why pork is the best meal for given occasions and circumstances. A Muslim professional at Google might fail to uphold and award the posts argument although it is his best interest to serve the Company. This is just but one conflicting idea faced by the Google diversification strategy.ConclusionThe report has successfully explored Googles mission, values and goals. The study has gone further to describe Googles approach in sustainable competition and corporate strategy. What is more, the essay has documented the effectiveness of the efforts by Google in corporate strategy in areas like vertical integration, globalization and diversification. It was within the best interest of the paper to project recommendations regarding the alignment of Googles organizational structure with that of its management system. What is more, the study offered knowledge on the companys senior level and their functions in the execution of strategic management. Finally, the report navigated across business areas where Google should establish itself and sec tions that need to be revisited. The above observation and analysis as supported by scholarly articles and scientific literatures surmises the report adding knowledge and insight into Google Inc.ReferencesBamford, C. E., & West, P. G. (2010). Strategy Sustainable advantage and performance. Canada South Western Cengage Learning Bryant, A. (2011). Googles Quest to Build a Better Deal. Business Day. New York Times. Retrieved From http//www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/business/13hire.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Focarino, A. N (2013). Comments of Google Inc with Regard to Draft Operational Plan for 2014 2018 Fox, V. (2010). Marketing in the age of Google A non-technical bring to search engine strategy. Hoboken, N.J John Wiley & Sons. Google (2006). 10 Things We Know to be True. Google Inc.Retrieved From https//www.google.com/about/company/philosophy/ Levy, S. (2011). 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