Research Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Memo - Assignment Example Last but not least Lewis incurs other expenses in terms of purchases made for wigs, fake mustaches, fake beards and special clothing meant to make him appear heavier. According to IRC  §162 (a) deductions are permissible for all the conventional and indispensable outlays or sustained for the period of a tax year. All ventures or trade are, for this reason, taxable. IRC  §165(d) on the other hand applies to gambling losses by just stating that losses from wagering transaction are deductible to the extent of wagering gains. This provision serves to limit the usage of  §162 (a) to the charges made to cover gambling losses. In Offutt v. Commissioner, 16TC1214, the tax court decided that taxpayers’ losses cannot be covered with income from other sources or the gambler’s salary. This means that under limitation of  §165 and Offutt, Kevin’s gambling losses are only deductible to the extent of his gambling gains of $ 1000,000. In Mayo v. Commissioner, 136TC No 4, the tax court judged that a gambler’s business expenses incurred in the course of his trade are deductible under IRC  §162(a) even though these losses may not offset other income. The court reasoning in this case founded on the fact that the court in Mayo held that non-wagering expenses were not within the loss limitation defined by sec 165and reversed Offutt on this matter. To further strengthen the judgment, the court in Mayo quoted Boyd v. Commissioner, 56 AFTR 2d 85-5266, which indicated that restrictions of  §165(d) do not take into account more than direct expenses from wagering. The Boyd case also gave a clear difference in losses arising from wagering and expenses associated with the gambling activities. It, for this reason, makes it easy and clear that the limitation of the  §165(d) does not affect peripheral expenses. This provision, for this reason, implies that losses resulting from direct wagering are subject to the

SOCIAL WORK METHODS THEORIES FOR PRACTICE CASE STUDY. Use of Essay

SOCIAL WORK METHODS THEORIES FOR PRACTICE CASE STUDY. Use of . theoretical framework to critically analyse case study - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that numerous psychological dilemmas as well as attributes are attached with the development of a proper societal structure. The psychological as well as the biological understanding are observed to be striking positive impact on the socio-structural settings in the form of varied ways. These ways may entail greater development in the abilities of the community members towards any doubtful circumstance and making effective decisions from a long-term perspective. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be used to treat or mitigate a number of issues including psychological problems. One ought to note that this form of therapy is the most commonly used because it helps one to identify and cope with challenges as fast as possible. On most occasions, cognitive behavioral therapy needs fewer sessions as compared to other forms of therapies. Additionally, the structured manner in which this form of therapy is done makes it the most suitable in addressing certain challenges. A momentous process in cognitive behavioral therapy is called thought challenging. Some social workers also refer to it as cognitive restructuring. It is the process through which patients or victims challenge their negative thinking patterns that bring about their anxiety while substituting them with realistic and positive thoughts. Cognitive restructuring involves three key processes. These include the recognition of negative thoughts, the challenging of the negative thoughts and the replacement of the negative thoughts with more realistic and positive thoughts. One must not that all the three processes must the involved during cognitive reconstruction or thought challenging in order to successfully mitigate emotional trauma. The society entails different people all of whom undergo different life problems. Additionally, life structures place different people in varied mental, psychological and spiritual positions. Such complications