Education Is The Most Powerful Weapon - 1195 Words

As Nelson Mandela said â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world,† and this should be our guiding principle when instituting reform in our country. The United States has the worst economic inequality in the developed world. The wealthy are making more money than ever and the amount of people living in poverty are growing at an alarming rate. As a whole, the impoverished are struggling to provide for their basic needs. A major factor in this inequality is the gap in education. Inner city public schools are not effective at teaching children the necessary skills to succeed in college, if they do not drop out of school altogether. Clearly, traditional welfare programs are not effectively ending the poverty cycle, so, new targeted programs must be put in place to help normalize this inequality. The most effective reform would be to increase educational opportunities for children inhabiting the inner city. Improvements to the public school sy stem are constantly being proposed, but, virtually, nothing improves in their infrastructure regardless of how much money is invested. It is more than just increasing funding, the environment in these inner city schools must be more advantageous for learning. Changing the overall culture is more difficult than just improving facilities and hiring better teachers. School vouchers are effective by granting qualified students a voucher that allows them to attend a private school that meets certain criteria setShow MoreRelatedEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout our history, most of the revolutions were turning points that contributed and improved the modern society that we are living now. Social reformers such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson have been spreading the message that education is crucial in leading to a successful life. However, there are still many people, especially those from the bottom of our social hierarchy pyramid, are struggling in daily life because of the lack of education. Social problems that we encounter theseRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1841 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world†, says former South African President, Nelson Mandela. While this statement is very true, there are a few caveats to this statement. If students do not want to reap all the benefits of education, they will not be as likely to change the world. Therefore, we need to make sure to provide an education that facilitates change in the world. One way of doing this is improving the quality of instruction to facilitate learningRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon878 Words   |  4 PagesEducation has been aimed at helping students learn new and exciting things every day, that later they can use in their own lives. A purpose in education is to teach students developmental skills in; math, reading, language arts, and sci ence. This helps us gain practice, patience, and skills for job preparation, college, and social and moral responsibility for ourselves. During my senior year of high school, all of my teachers were preparing us for college. They prepared us by having us write papersRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1343 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge. Education. These are the most powerful weapon in life, and since the dawn of time knowledge becomes the ultimate skill of an individual. Through the blade of knowledge, we can unleash our true full potential, eventually contributing massively to the world in exactly the same way great minds have done. Leaving behind countless contributions is the mark of a truly successful person. According to Nelson Mandela, the celebrated former President of South Africa, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weaponRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1541 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela said, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon w hich you can use to change the world.† Miriam-Webster dictionary defines education as the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university. In today’s society, education is dispensed and received through different forms: campus-based, internet-based, distance, and home education. Home education or homeschool means a nonpublic school conducted primarily by the parent, guardian or other personRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon2016 Words   |  9 Pages Nelson Mandela said, ?Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world?. If one were to think introspect on the quote, one can realize the value of education. Education is not only needed for the betterment of any nation but the whole human kind. It is because of education that humans are achieving milestones such leading on the moon and exploring other planets such as Mars. When one is educated, their education gives them endless opportunityRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon868 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela one said, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world.† Education is not just a term to explain a process of getting instructions. Instead, education is extremely essential procedure in one’s life to have this weapon as explained by Mandela. As individuals we tend to learn from life experiences and events that go on around us. We not only learn about how to become successful in life instead we learn how to make a living as we encounter new individuals andRead MoreEducatio n Is The Most Powerful Weapon Essay815 Words   |  4 Pages PSC 443 Nelson Mandela said, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† (â€Å"Top 10 Education Quotes) Education is a highly debated topic and many countries are in constant competition to be on top. Two countries who focus heavily on education are Japan and Germany. These two countries differ in a multitude of ways as to how they choose to educate their youth. In Germany, children age three to six can attend pre-school, however, pre-school is not freeRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1373 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world† (Nelson Mandela). United States. has a powerful educational arsenal, its community colleges. For the reason being, community college should be free for students of less fortunate and other students who cannot afford college after high school. If the government proposed free community college to the students, each and everyone will have the chance to get an education as well the opportunity to have a better future. Free communityRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1598 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Education, the most powerful weapon which can be used to change the world. Miriam-Webster dictionary defines education as the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university (1). In today’s society, education is dispensed and received through different forms: campus-based, internet-based, distance, and home education. Home education or homeschool means a nonpublic school conducted primarily by the parent, guardian or other person having

Arab Spring The Middle East And North Africa Essay

Arab Spring By most accounts, the Arab Spring stared in Tunisia because an unlicensed male fruit vendor was humiliated by a female police officer. The humiliation was sufficient for the young man to set himself on fire in front of a government building (NPR, 2011). Protests ensued in Tunisia and the people demanded their president step down. The momentum continued across the borders of Tunisia and then deeper into the Arab world. The Arab world consists of 12 Middle Eastern countries along with 10 countries that are located in Northern Africa (Kalliny Benmamoun, 2014). The region collectively is known as MENA; the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The population distribution of the Arab world is much different than much of the industrialized world in that one third of the population is under 15 years of age and one fifth of the population is between the ages of 15 and 24(Kalliny Benmamoun, 2014). This young, typically educated population, is geographically situate d between Europe, Asia and Africa and has great potential for positive investment. While much of the Arab World has benefited historically the oil industry, not all countries sit atop large oil reserves and those that do, have seen profits dwindle with the decline in oil prices over the last few years. This paper will discuss the risks that multi-national companies face while doing business in this section of the world. Political, Economic, Financial, and Cultural Risks of MENAShow MoreRelatedThe Arab Spring And The Middle East And North Africa936 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arab Spring† is the revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations in the Arab World, in both the Middle East and North Africa. These waves and protests were done both in peace and violence, and up to this day with the exception of Tunisia there is no clear sign if the Arab Spring is successful or not. The Arab Spring were caused by many different factors, differing from the way the Arab world was split in the end of the Cold War disregarding the different factions in the region, to the injusticeRead MoreWomen And The Middle East And North Africa1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe diversities within North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia (cultural, religious, political, etc.) play a crucial part in the status of women and the key features of gender roles in these particular geographic regions. The Middle East and North Africa share commonalities through Arabic and Islamic culture. Establishing equalities for women amongst the current social and political changes of Middle Eastern and North African societies stands as a difficult obstacle to overcome, but inRead MoreThe Arab Spring: A Worldwide Revolution Essay642 Words   |  3 Pageshuman rights. Over the years, countries around the world have witnessed terrifying yet life-changing revolutions, but no one in history had expected for such a quick and sudden revolution to begin like the Arab Spring. The Arab Spring has allowed people, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, to speak out for what they believe in today. Many laws have been overturned due to the amount of pressure the people are putting on their government. One revolution started it all, and ever since thenRead MoreThe United States And The Eu943 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States and the EU had some similar goals in terms of their dealings with Arab countri es and specifically those involved with the Arab Spring, one particular goal being the spread of democracy. With the United States not being direct neighbours with these Arab states, they also have some goals that differ to those of the European Union. Their involvement with the Middle East over the past century is rooted in two main sources, according to Kitchen (2012). One, is â€Å"a hegemonic interest inRead MoreThe Arab Spring And The Middle East1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Arab Spring refers to the revolts that arose independently and spread through the Arab country in 2011. The origin of these uprisings was in Tunisia late in the year 2010 and spread to other nations in the Arab world like Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The Middle East commonly considered to be the hot-spot for tensions and instabilities. The Arab spring increased the level of tension in the states with several implications on the region’s security. The events of the Arab Spring lasted for threeRea d MoreQuestions On The Arab Spring1942 Words   |  8 PagesMaltseva The Arab Spring Written by Kevin Bernklau Student Nr.: 103957678 Email: bernkla@uwindsor.ca Submitted on: November 26, 2014 Discuss the structural factors which contributed to the onset of the Arab Spring in 2011. Based on what you learned about the origins of revolutions in this class, was this wave of contention inevitable? The term â€Å"Arab Spring† has emerged in academic literature as well as in the general media from about early 2011. It refers to the â€Å"awakening† of some Arab nationsRead MoreUnderstanding the Arab Spring1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolutionary movement in the Middle East started in January 2011 where Tunisian Bouazizi Mohamed, who set himself on fire, ensued to the revolt of his fellow citizens (Pollack 2011). Political and social frustrations led to tremendous discontent of citizens, and massive protests and social movements demanded a change of the country’s political regime. This widespread event was known as â€Å"the Arab Spring† and empowered other people in Arab countries who were not satisfied with their sociopoliticalRead MoreBritish Control Over The Suez Canal1351 Words   |  6 Pagesin the east, making it significant trade route for Britain to control. During the Cold War, Egypt became an area of great tension, challenging Britis h control over the canal. There was an increase of nationalism, along with the rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser to power. His rise to power lead to the Suez Canal Crisis and Egypt’s independence from Britain in 1956. The Arab Spring began in Tunisia in December, 2010, eventually spreading to Egypt in 2011. British control over parts of Africa during theRead MoreThe Debate For Democracy During The Middle East1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn the debate for democracy in the middle east, many scholars suggest that Islamists are the main obstacle to overcome. By the last decade, Islamist parties and candidates have engaged in elections throughout in about eight Arab countries with almost modest results. Thus, Islamist may have a heavy degree of support among most of the consitunets who agree with anti-regime sentiments. At the same time, ruling elites also give overwhelming support to maintain security and other privileges. There areRead MoreThe Successes and Failures of the Mission11 35 Words   |  5 Pages Within the context of the Arab Spring, the case of Libya is original because of two following reasons: (1) the struggle for power between citizens and the elite group , and (2) more importantly, Libya was the first country that the United Nations had enforced the law of intervention, spearheaded by the U.S. and their allies. The revolution in Libya considerably awoke the attention of international community, particularly that of great powers. The military intervention into Libya is said to use

Financial Reporting for BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Reporting for BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda. Answer: Comparison of sustainability reports BHP Billiton is one among the leading producers of iron ore, copper and uranium, and metallurgical coal. The year 2015 and 2016 were faced with volatile economic conditions, however, the company has remained committed to sustainably. In both the years sustainability report, the performance of the company is measured in the areas of health and safety, community engagement and environmental responsibility against the tragedy at Samarco. The sustainability report of BHP for the year 2016 includes the operations on Samarco our non-operated joint venture held between Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda (BHP Billiton Annual report 2016, 2017). In November 2015, on the date 5th, the Fundo dam was failed which was Samarco primary tailings dam. From the failing of this dam, a lot of mine tailings such as water and mud waste was released that has affected nearby communities including Bento Rodrigues, Paracatu and Gesteira , even other communities named the Rio Doce was also affected. Prior to this incident, BHO Billiton was focused towards minimising the environmental impacts of our operations, however, Samarco failure leads to affect its environmental performance (BHP Billiton Annual report 2015, 2017). After the issue, the company has faced an ethical dilemma and major stakeholders were affected due to the incident. The Stakeholder Theory of Freeman is applied here, according to which company is responsible workforce, customers, employees, communities, shareholders, and suppliers and it must create value for different stakeholders (Phillips, 2003). As per the data of 2016 sustainability report, BHP Billiton was more focused towards creating value not profitability. The immediate response of business was the welfare of the Samarco workforce as well as welfare of affected communities. To show its social responsibility, Company started offering temporary accommodation, food and water aid to the people from different communities. The company has provided financial support to the affected farmers as a Brazilian minimum wage + 20%. The company started working towards forest restoration and water production, education, communication, recovery of water quality and biodiversity conservation as these areas were highly affected. The sustainable operations of BHP are focused towards Samarco as it has started enhancing dam management. The actions taken by Company after the issue indicates towards Legitimacy Theory, as it indicates that business has taken desirable, proper, or appropriate actions within a socially constructed system (Jay, Blumenberg and Wallace, 2015).BHP Billiton has now become a permanent member in Belo Horizonte and is continuing its support Samarcos remediation, even a team of 35 technical experts and senior management is employed to offer 24*7 support to communities and nearby areas (BHP Billiton Annual report 2016, 2017). Summary information from other sources A case study of BHP Billitons non-operated joint venture operation in Brazil (Samarco) is covered by various informational sources as it had affected the entire industry. In accordance with the article of Financial Times; BHP Billiton had developed joint venture with the objective to operate mines which are not working well subsequently the disaster occurred at the project of Brazilian iron ore which had left 28 people dead or missing in the current month (BHP Billiton Puts Joint Ventures Under Review After Dam Breach, 2017). Further; Anglo-Australian miner has ownership of 50% of Samarco, which the Brazilian operator of the mine at the place where a tailings dam explodes by sending discarded tumbling through a nearby town due to which 600 people were homeless. By considering the entire case management of BHP had set store in order to become a safe and effective operator of their mines (BHP Facing Fresh Pressure Over Deadly Dam Burst, 2017). In accordance with the study of; "There is repetitive, persistent negligence on the part of a business owned by Vale and BHP. Due to this factor; BHP had to face restoration bill in the billions of dollars supported by lawsuits and litigation for upcoming years. According to the article of Ben Knight; operations of Samarco are proposed to be paralysed for years due to the incident and there are several jobs are at stake. Further; cleaning of occurred mess will take more than one decade (Samarco Update Company Announcement - FT.Com, 2017). On the other hand; there are no estimations given on the part of BHP regarding rehabilitation costs or insurance arrangements as they are reviewing their large mining dams succeeding the case of Samarco failure to prevent the same disaster in the future. The company had announced the loss of $6.4 billion due to the collision of dam collapse and a slump in commodity prices. Further problems associated with the case of Samarco is continuously increasing as per the investigation held by Brazils federal police because of the issue of drainage and increasing height of the dam was not properly monitored and there is increasing charges against the people involved in the strategic management. As per the report of Phillips (2017), Samarco had already penalised for 250m reals further it is also possible that they are going to make an entire region for further waste deposit. References "BHP Billiton Annual report 2016". 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017, from https://www.bhp.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2016/bhpbillitonsustainabilityreport2016.pdf "BHP Billiton Puts Joint Ventures Under Review After Dam Breach". 2017.Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/c8a25988-8c71-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b?mhq5j=e7. "BHP Billiton: Annual report 2015". 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017, from https://www.bhp.com/investor-centre/-/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonsustainabilityreport2015_interactive.pdf "BHP Facing Fresh Pressure Over Deadly Dam Burst". 2017.ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-29/bhp-samarco-dam-collapse-brazil-linked-to-ramping-up-production/7201022. "Samarco Update Company Announcement - FT.Com". 2017.Markets.Ft.Com. https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-12946392-1RT808PFDDS1KF8MMLIKUGNJ99mhq5j=e7. Jay, Martin., Blumenberg, Hans., Wallace, Robert. 2015. The Legitimacy of the Modern Age. History And Theory, 24(2), 183. Phillips, Dom. 2017. "Samarco Dam Collapse: One Year On From Brazil's Worst Environmental Disaster".The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/15/samarco-dam-collapse-brazil-worst-environmental-disaster-bhp-billiton-vale-mining#img-1. Phillips, Robert. 2013. Stakeholder theory and organizational ethics. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.

Media in Sports free essay sample

One of the paradoxes associated with the media coverage of sports is that the media open up new opportunities for spectators to view sports, but they also limit and define the experiences of spectators. Explain how the media can do both of these things simultaneously. Many people would agree that they would rather go to a sporting event rather then watching it on television. But on the other hand some would prefer to stay in the comfort of their own home.In the past decade or so, media has opened up new opportunities for spectators. When we watch sports on television the images and messages we hear are designed to heighten the content. By staying in and watching the game on television the viewer can see different camera angles, close-ups, slow motion shots, play by play description and so on. If one were to attend a sporting event they would not have the luxury of all that, but what they would have is the experience of being there. We will write a custom essay sample on Media in Sports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mind you, most facilities now do have screens where the fans can see replays and so forth. Another possibility may be installing in the seats a place to insert headphones to listen to commentary (like in a plane). Being at a sporting event, we able to be part of a group (spectators), being able to smell the grass, smell of the Ice. Enjoying the taste off hotdogs and a cold beer. There Is an excessive amount of media coverage that Is going on In the sports Industry.The nominators are constantly advertising things. Like Dry. Krieger said, Its not like the old days, the commentators would tell stories In between pitches or during rain delays. I personally cannot stand watching games on television. With all the commercials and ads here and there I lose Interest In the game. The media can do both things simultaneously by allowing the commentators to do their Job of commentating and when there Is a break In the game, then that Is when they can throw In the ads.

Music - an interactive art an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Music - an interactive art I consider music to be an interactive art, like a dialogue. Interactive in the sense that I would receive and respond to it subjectively and actively, in various different manners, depending on my moods and values, my taste and my cultural background, but most of all depending on my sensibility. I am very selective, but also very eclectic in my musical tastes: I cannot say I have a favorite genre or band. But there is a sum of elements that touch me in particular. Objectively, music is known to combine "vocal or instrumental sounds for beauty of form or emotional expression, usually according to cultural standards of rhythm, melody, and, in most Western music, harmony". Need essay sample on "Music - an interactive art" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Usually Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writer professionals advise: Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With Us Cheap Essays Cheapest Essay Collage Papers For Sale Essay Company Review What touches me first and foremost is the rhythm. In this sense, I am a beat maniac and the sound of drums, battery, or base, or any underlying cadence or tempo caused by percussion, even in random patterns (like atonal music or street sounds) makes a visceral echo in my blood and humors. I remember a quote from Richard Baker, stating that rhythm is intrinsic to human condition, that "the discovery of song (...) owed its origin to a human impulse which lies much deeper than conscious intention: the need for rhythm in life..." In this sense I am especially moved by genres like African or Gypsy tribal music, Trip hop, downtempo, bolero ("the most popular lyric tradition in Latin America", according to Morales) which give me an existential experience by the way the rhythm waves a story. Following the concept of rhythm, there is the pitch coded by the audio frequency. I am touched by low or bass frequencies, like Sergei Prokofiev's Op. 64 Romeo and Juliet, where the bass pitches give depth and momentous significance to the piece. I know that "low frequencies make the sound powerful and warm, while midrange frequencies give sound its energy", rendering a great emotional and narrative power to the pitch. Such type of music can essentially become therapeutic, I believe. What I call "sound therapy" is a therapy of sturdy rhythm and deep tones, which works in a cathartic way, almost like an external catalyst for the emotions and even creative drive. Finally, acoustics sets the spatial dimension of music. Essentially, I feel that music is globally immersive for the human being, itself lead by pulse, order and rhythm. I have selected this minimal, but essential list: a strong rhythm (the more unpredictable the better), a lower pitch and a surround-system type of acoustics. I also need it to be authentic, plural, capricious on the intellectual side. This makes music an irreplaceable significant other for me. References: Baker, Richard, Quotegarden, October 3, 2007 http://www.quotegarden.com/music.html .Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopdia Bordwell, David; Thompson, Kristin. Film Art: An Introduction. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004. Britannica, Inc., 2006. Answers.com 03 Oct. 2007. http://www.answers.com/ . Morales, Ed. The Latin Beat. Cambridge : Da Capo Press, 2003. Owen, Harold. Music Theory Resource Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Stambler, Irwin. The Encyclopedia of Rock, Pop, and Soul. Rev. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

How to Write a Sick Day Email

How to Write a Sick Day Email You woke up feeling wretched. You just can’t go to work. But you also don’t want your boss or coworkers to think you’re slacking off with your feet up, watching The View. The accepted way to communicate the message that you’re staying home is to send an email to your boss. But what to say? First of all, you want to make sure to send your email well advance of your start time, lest it look like you just overslept and could not be bothered coming in late.Then, just follow these 3 simple guidelines.Keep it ShortKeep it lean and mean. And resist the urge to overshare. Your boss does not want to hear the details of your phlegmy cough or stomach flu. A simple â€Å"flu† or â€Å"food poisoning† or even â€Å"migraine headache† will suffice. If you’re taking a mental health or personal day, and your company has a policy allowing for that, you can say, â€Å"I’m taking a sick day to attend to a personal matter.† And leave it at that.Be Clear on Your AvailabilityIt’s important to let your boss know whether she can expect you to check emails while you’re out of the office. If you’re too sick, just add a line making it clear that you will be totally offline (though, do give a phone number at which you can be reached if any emergencies arise). If working remotely is an option for you, just say, â€Å"I’m staying home today, but will be available by email (or will be working remotely).†Make Sure You Have an In-Office CoverIf you have any pressing projects or deadlines, or you serve a crucial role, make sure to name a qualified colleague who clients or coworkers can turn to for guidance instead. Bonus points if you reach out to that person before you give their name to your boss! If you’re working on a team project, consider shooting an email to your other team members, as well, in addition to your supervisor; it’s always nice for them to get the heads up di rectly from you.Finally, If you have it in you and want to avoid the guilt of idleness, spend a half an hour shoring up any loose ends, referring people to other parties, and setting yourself an out-of-office message so people know not to expect a prompt response. Then go right back to bed and get better already!

Hinduism And Its Features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Hinduism And Its Features - Essay Example Shaivism is known for systematic philosophy in its texts. For Shaivites, human predicament is full of differentiation and bondage. Many experience discrimination and restrictions. This is caused by superficial knowledge. They suppose that the truth is not attained because individuals are blinded by what they can only understand through their basic senses. Hence, the goal is to reach ultimate consciousness. This is characterized by enlightenment and freedom. Armed with this higher truth, people can be liberated from false perceptions. Vaishnavism asserts that literature should be interpreted more metaphorically than literally. Vaishnavites consider human predicament as depicted by unhappiness or false happiness. In addition, people do not experience the true essence of love. This is so because of greed and temporary pursuits. Therefore, the goal is to be united with the Supreme Being. When this happens, genuine love and happiness may be fulfilled. This can then be realized through renunciation of material fondness by prioritizing on spiritual development. After disciplined practice, divine maturation ensues and is followed by perfection. Like other beliefs, Hinduism generally aims to improve existence. Both Shaivism and Vaishnavism have religious goals for improvement. Though they may have variations, they believe in man’s abilities. Indeed, man has its numerous limits. Nonetheless, he also has the capacity to achieve greatness.

Whistleblower Ombudsman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whistleblower Ombudsman - Essay Example Whistleblowing is essential to weeding out fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. The government is particularly keen in promoting whistleblowing because fraud and abuse may reach up to 3% to 10% of actual health care costs (Kesselheim & Studdert, 2008, p.342). Recoveries from the False Claims Act (FCA) since 2009 have reached approximately $9 billion (Kesselheim & Studdert, 2008, p.342). To encourage whistleblowing, the Whistleblower Protection Act bans retaliation. Retaliation refers to threatening or taking action against employees because they have disclosed fraudulent or abusive actions (Office of Inspector General, 2015). These actions may include, but are not limited to, poor performance review, demotion, termination, suspension, or downgrade, loss of, or revocation of security clearance (Office of Inspector General, 2015). The law does not allow retaliation for: (1) filing an appeal, complaint, or grievance; (2) helping another person file the case or to testify for whis tleblowers; (3) cooperating with or giving information to the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) or Office of Inspector General (OIG); or (4) not obeying an unlawful instruction or order (Office of Inspector General, 2015). These conditions that prevent retaliation are important because it helps decrease the fears of other people who want to disclose important information, but are not the direct whistleblowers. For instance, an accountant gives financial documents and memos to the OSC, even when he is not the whistleblower. The law prevents retaliation against him from his company. In other words, he has the same protections as the whistleblowers. Besides these protections, the FCA entitles whistleblowers to up to 30% for the amount recovered during trials or settlements (Golinkin, 2013, p.304). This is a monetary incentive too, but I believe that this is not the main

Education and Inequalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Education and Inequalities - Essay Example A review on researches and study done on education for special children will be presented. In the article written by Anastasia Vlachou (2008) she wants to show awareness on teachers to change their view regarding inclusion. Integration has been reported that requires change, creates discomfort and involves a considerable challenge to those whose careers, work and social relationships reinforce a segregated system. According to Vlachou (2008), "it would be nave to believe that integration policy will happen as part of a natural evolution in attitudes towards students with special needs.' Vlachou (2008) article will be discussed in the literature review together with the study done by several researchers. At the end of the paper the personnel view of the writer regarding the subject will be presented. The inequalities and issues will be summarized to support the writers claim in the conclusion. To fully understand what the topic is it is best to define the important terms used in the paper. Inclusion as defined in the Webster dictionary - to put in or consider as part of a group or category. McBrien and Brandt of Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development define inclusion based on the situation of the disable child in school. The practice of educating children in one classroom, including children with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities is important. Inclusion classes often require a special assistant to the classroom teacher. The 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) made inclusion a controversial topic by requiring a free and appropriate education with related services for each child in the least restrictive environment possible, and an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for each qualifying child. In 1991, the bill was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the revision broadened the definit ion of disabilities and added related services. (Hummel,2008). Another definition of inclusion is defined in the website of teachernet.com. "One of the greatest challenges facing schools is the provision of appropriate learning opportunities for all pupils (www.teachernet.com). Within schools there are pupils with a range of abilities from different cultures, religions and social backgrounds. Some of these pupils experience barriers to learning as a result of their disability, heritage, gender, special educational need, ethnicity, social group, sexual orientation, race or culture. Research has proved that children from lower socio-economic backgrounds and / or specific ethnic and social groups are more likely to underachieve at school. This may lead to disaffection, low self-esteem, and marginalisation by others and, in some cases, formal exclusion from school. (www.teachernet.com). Some schools are more successful than others in meeting the needs of pupils from diverse backgrounds." Mason, H. (2003) of Birminghan, UK presented process of inclus ion in education: Increasing the participation of students with disabilities in, and reducing their exclusion from, curricula and communities of local schools; restructuring the cultures, policies and practices in schools so that they respond to the diversity of students' needs; accepting diversity as normal and as a rich source for all students; responding to the diverse needs of all students; accommodating both different styles and rates of

The Rice Subsidy Programme in Malaysia

The Rice Subsidy Programme in Malaysia Rice is an important security crop which acts as a staple food in Malaysia. During the last 30 years, rice cultivation in Malaysia was converted from a subsistence farming crop, to a commercial crop which is highly controlled and subsidized by the Malaysian government. As rice is a major staple food in the country, a large range of protective policies has been introduced by the government to protect rice farmers’ incomes and to ensure the existence of sufficient rice supply in the nation due to the country’s interest in food security. Local rice farmers produce approximately 60-70% of the domestic rice supply in the nation, while imports fill up the remaining 30-40% of the rice supply. Another interesting aspect of the Malaysian rice market is that rice firm Malaysias Padiberas Nasional Bhd (BERNAS) acts as the sole importer for foreign rice. On top of that, BERNAS is also responsible for the distribution of paddy price subsidies to local rice farmers and acts as a last resort buyer at Guaranteed Minimum Price (GMP), fixed at RM550 per metric tonne. According to the Finance Ministry of Malaysia, the government allocated RM528 million as subsidy for approximately 700,000 metric tonne of rice as of 2013, under the nation’s Rice Subsidy Programme. The cheapest type of rice which is subsidized by the Malaysian government is the Super Tempatan 15%, priced at RM1.80 per kg. The Malaysian government aims to protect the interest of local farmers as well as low income earners via its Rice Subsidy Programme. One of the main reasons as to why the nation’s government should continue subsidizing rice is to increase the self-sufficiency level of the local rice market. According to BERNAS, the firm imports around 30% to 40% of Malaysias domestic rice demand to fulfil the nation’s rice requirement. This shows that the local rice market’s sufficiency level is only around 60% to 70%. Therefore, in order for Malaysia to achieve a 100% sufficiency level, rice production in the country must increase.   Ã‚   Diagram 1: Subsidy graph Referring to Diagram 1, S0 refers to the supply of rice that the local rice farmers can produce without subsidy. With the introduction of subsidy by the government, local rice farmers collect RM248.10 for every tonne of paddy that they harvested. This indirectly lowers the cost of paddy production for the farmers, which allows them to expand their production from S0 to S1. If the subsidy provided by the local government continues, it is possible to further increase the production rate of paddy in Malaysia and thus increasing the self-sufficiency level of the rice market. Furthermore, Malaysia will be less dependent on foreign rice to meet the nation’s rice requirement, and a self-sufficiency rice market will prepare the nation to face any food crisis similar to the rice crisis in 2008, which might occur in future. According to Christopher Teh Boon Sung who is a senior lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia, the nation would need to increase the rice yield per capita to a minimu m of 106 kg in order for Malaysia’s rice market to be 100% self-sufficient by 2015. Rice production in Malaysia is largely restricted by the fact that most local farmers do not have enough modal or funds to further expand their supply. Therefore, the nation’s Rice Subsidy Programme will provide the necessary benefits to assist the rice farmers to increase the nation’s rice supply. Besides being beneficial to the producers, the continuation of the Rice Subsidy Programme by the government of Malaysia will also help lower the cost of living for the low income earners. While the subsidies provided by the government are distributed to the rice producers only, it has a direct effect on consumers as well. Diagram 2: As shown in Diagram 2, the subsidy given to the producers shifts the supply curve to the right from S0 to S1, thus lowering the equilibrium price of rice from P2 to P1. This will benefit the low income earners as the reduction in price equilibrium of rice allows them to consume more rice at a lower price. Furthermore, producers will not suffer any loss from selling rice at a price lower than equilibrium as the amount subsidized by the government (P3-P1) covers the full market price. In other words, with the existence of the Rice Subsidy Programme, it assists both local rice farmers and low income earners to ease the burden of rising costs of living due to other developments in the nation. On top of that, the reduced prices of rice due to subsidy will also protect local rice companies against competition from imported foreign rice. Consumers will be more attracted by the cheaper prices of local rice, which will result in local rice being the preferred choice over the others. One of the main reasons why the Malaysian government should discontinue subsidizing essential goods such as rice is due to the fact that subsidies require massive amount of funding for it to be financed. While giving out subsidies to rice farmers has been a norm in the country for many years, the government of Malaysia should also consider the fact that it is very costly for the nation to continue funding them. According to the Finance Ministry of Malaysia, the government allocated a staggering RM528 million to fund subsidies for 700,000 metric tonne in 2013. Moreover, the rice subsidy provided by the government inevitably comes with an opportunity cost. As a large portion of government’s funds being allocated for the rice subsidy, the government is unable to increase the budget of other essential sectors in the nation such as education and infrastructure development. By discontinuing the subsidy for rice in the country, the government will obtain additional funds to increase its expenditure in other sectors which could reduce the burden of citizens even further. With that, the government is able to execute other essential policies such as free education. Besides that, the government should also take into account that the continuation of rice subsidy will lead to long-term environmental issues. As the government aims to protect local rice farmers and encouraging them to increase rice production in the nation via its subsidy programme, it might also encourage the rice farmers to use intensive farming methods in order to gain faster yields. Those intensive farming methods might be a huge threat to the sustainability of the country’s ecological resources. If that happens, concerned non-governmental organizations or angry citizens will possibly stage mass rallies and protests which could tarnish the nation’s image in the eyes of global investors. Moreover, With so much taxpayer’s money being allocated as subsidy for rice by the Malaysian government, there are surely questions on who benefits more from the subsidy. A suitable policy which could possibly satisfy all parties is that the government removes all trade barriers for the rice market in Malaysia. This policy has a slight similarity to the one executed by Thailands military government which dismissed all rice price-support scheme imposed by the former civilian government. In order to run free market policy for the rice industry, the policy will require BERNAS to be removed as a sole importer for rice, and the abolishment of the Rice Subsidy Programme in Malaysia. The objective of this policy is to allow the prices of rice to be set by the forces of supply and demand without government intervention. As a direct result of this policy, rice supply in the country is expected to decrease due to the fact that local rice farmers no longer have the aid to increase their production capacity. However, this will not be a major problem as the gap between production and consumption can now be filled up by rice vendors importing rice from foreign coun tries. As BERNAS no longer holds the rice import monopoly, rice imports are expected to increase as vendors face competition among one another. More importantly, the government will no longer have to fund over RM500 million each year and can allocate the extra funds to other sectors. One of the disadvantages of this policy is that the prices of rice are expected to rise slightly following the removal of subsidy. However, that will only affect consumers for a short term, as competition in the market will set a lower equilibrium price sooner or later. Also, removal of subsidy might cause dissatisfaction among farmers and low income earners who no longer have additional aids to bear the high costs of living. In conclusion, the Rice Subsidy Programme in Malaysia has its advantages and disadvantages.

Dysfunctional Families In Cana Essay -- essays research papers

Dysfunctional family relationships form the basis of many Canadian short stories. Often, tragedy is the end result of severe family breakdown. In other cases, personality defects are directly traceable to poor family dynamics. In the stories â€Å"Hurt†, â€Å"Fall of a City†, and â€Å"The Sound of Hollyhocks† there were very profound family problems. The difficulty in the father/son relationship in â€Å"Hurt† reflects a role reversal. Even though Stevie is only a young boy, he took care of himself and his father. Stevie made his own meals and when his father was inebriated, he â€Å"...went down to the store and got him a couple bottles of vanilla to sober up on.† (pg. 195) In a family situation a young child such as Stevie should not have the responsibility of taking care of his parent. Moreover, even when Stevie’s father was sober, Stevie could do whatever he liked without consequence. Skip described such a freedom when he said that â€Å"Stevie went to school when he wanted to go...† (pg. 193) This lack of rules or an authority figure demonstrates the dysfunctionality of this family. Also, Stevie’s father was a violent alcoholic. Skip observed that somedays Stevie’s father would be â€Å"...pounding on the walls with his fists and swearing and crying all at the same time...† (pg. 195) The parent/child role reversal , the lack of structure, discipline, and authority in the home and the violent episodes demonstrate the degree of dysfunction in this family. â€Å"Fall of a City† depicts the dysfunctional...

Financial Aid Appeal Letter

This is in response to the official letter that I received from your office regarding the suspension of my financial aid. I am writing to present a request to have the privilege of receiving financial aid again. During my last semester, year, including the months leading up to my suspension for credits at Howard posed a challenging point in my academic career. With the external pressures and stress conditions faced at the time prevented me from meeting my set goals for academic progress.The long strenuous hours at work, the displacement that my Mother and sister faced by moving to Boston from Miami, then back to Miami, then later to Pittsburgh and then now back to Miami. The worries of what I was going to have to sacrifice in order to send money to my immediate family, as well as other less fortunate family members in Haiti, all took an unbearably heavy toll on me thus spilling over and effecting both my attitude and efforts placed towards my classes. It forced me to readjust and rep rioritize things causing school and my studies to be placed on the back-burner.I found myself at work, working on days I had schedule classes. I wasn’t putting forth any real effort in any of my difficult classes primarily because I was so distracted with stresses outside of school. I was sort of just going through the motions. During that moment in my life I was fatigued end exhausted with school life. I had arrived at a point where I forgot why I initially came to Howard, which was to be the first person in my immediate family to attend college and earn a quality education. I came to Howard to earn a bachelors degree and work in a field, still to this day, I’m most passionate about.Without the required financial aid, it would be difficult for me to take the amount of courses I need to take in the next academic semester. I am aware that my performance during my last attendance at Howard University does not give any reason for faith in my abilities to do better but I a m in a position to ensure that I am going to take strict steps to ensure that my academic work will be more successful in the future. I have, for one, found a better stable job, working for a great security company, which allows me the flexibility to cut back on the number of work hours ensuring that I get more time to devote to my academics.I have made myself familiar with and established a network of tutors on and off campus that I will utilize for classes that I find most difficult. I also plan on establishing and maintaining close contact with my adviser in the School of Business, Accounting department, regarding measures I can take to stay ahead of the academic demands of college. Without financial aid this will be impossible. I am a good student as my records from earlier academic performances would show you and I intend to get back on track as my education is of prime importance to me.

Echinoderm Facts and Information

Echinoderm Facts and Information Echinoderms, or members of the phylum Echinodermata, are some of the most easily-recognized marine invertebrates. This phylum includes sea stars (starfish), sand dollars, and urchins, and they are identified by their radial body structure, often featuring five arms.  You can often see echinoderm species in a tidal pool or in the touch tank at your local aquarium. Most echinoderms are small, with an adult size of about 4 inches, but some can grow to as much as 6.5 feet in length. Different species may be found in a variety of bright colors, including purples, reds, and yellows.   Classes of Echinoderms The phylum Echinodermata contains five classes of marine life:  Asteroidea  (sea stars),  Ophiuroidea  (brittle stars and basket stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), and Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars). They are a diverse group of organisms, containing about 7,000 species. The phylum is regarded as one of the oldest of all animal groups, thought to have appeared at the start of the Cambrian era, about 500 million years ago.   Etymology The word echinoderm means  comes from the Greek word ekhinos, meaning hedgehog or sea urchin, and the word  derma, meaning skin. Thus, they are spiny-skinned animals. The spines on some echinoderms are more obvious than others. They are very pronounced in  sea urchins, for example. If you run your finger over a sea star, youll likely feel small spines. The spines on sand dollars, on the other hand, are less pronounced.   Basic Body Plan Echinoderms have a unique body design. Many echinoderms exhibit  radial symmetry, which means that their components are arranged around a central axis in a symmetrical manner. This means that an echinoderm has no obvious left and right half, only a top side, and a bottom side. Many echinoderms exhibit pentaradial symmetry- a type of radial symmetry in which the body can be divided into five equally-sized slices organized around a central disk. Although echinoderms can be very diverse, they all have some similarities. These similarities can be found in their circulatory and reproductive systems. Water Vascular System Instead of blood, echinoderms have a water vascular system, which is used for movement and predation. The echinoderm pumps sea water into its body through a sieve plate or madreporite, and this water fills the echinoderms tube feet. The echinoderm moves about the sea floor or across rocks or reefs by filling its tube feet with water to extend them  and then using muscles within the tube feet to retract them. The tube feet also allows echinoderms to hold on to rocks and other substrates and to grip prey by suction. Sea stars have very strong suction in their tube feet that even allows them to pry open the two shells of a bivalve. Echinoderm Reproduction Most echinoderms reproduce sexually, although males and females are virtually indistinguishable from one another when viewed externally. During sexual reproduction, echinoderms release eggs or sperm into the water, which are fertilized in the water column by the male. The fertilized eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that eventually settle to the ocean bottom. Echinoderms can also reproduce asexually by regenerating body parts, such as arms and spines. Sea stars are well-known for their ability to regenerate arms that are lost. In fact, even if the sea star has only a small part of its central disk left, it can grow an entirely new sea star.   Feeding Behavior Many echinoderms are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of living and dead plant and marine life. They serve an important function in digesting dead plant material on the ocean floor and thereby keeping waters clean. Plentiful echinoderm populations are essential to healthy coral reefs. The digestive system of echinoderms is relatively simple and primitive compared to other marine life; some species ingest and expel waste through the same orifice. Some species simply ingest sediments and filter out the organic material, while other species are capable of catching prey, usually plankton and small fish, with their arms.   Impact on Humans While not an important source of food for humans, some forms of sea urchin are regarded as a delicacy in some parts of the world, where they are used in soups. Some echinoderms produce a toxin which is fatal to fish, but which can be used to make a medicine used to treat human cancers.   Echinoderms are generally beneficial to ocean ecology, with a few exceptions. Starfish, which prey on oysters and other mollusks, have devastated some commercial enterprises. Off the coast of California, sea urchins have caused problems for commercial seaweed farms by eating young plants before they can become established.

Differences Between the Antifederalists and Federalists essays

Differences Between the Antifederalists and Federalists essays The Articles of Confederation stirred up many problems between the states. The antifederalists, or people who opposed a strong federal government, came into quarrel with the federalists, who favored a strong federal government. The federalists differ from the anti-federalists in terms of social, economic, and political expression. Many differences arose between the federalists and the antifederalists concerning social issues. First of all, the antifederalists were from the poorer classes, while the federalists were from higher, more aristocratic classes. Antifederalists mainly consisted of uneducated people who made up the working class. Federalists, however, were aristocratic people who were cultured and well educated. Also, many popular figures were in conflict with one another, due to their antifederalist or federalist beliefs. Patrick Henry, a famous patriot and lawyer, provided support for the antifederalists. Being from Virginia, the largest and most populous of the states, Patrick Henry was a powerful figure. On the other hand, George Washington, James Madison, and John Marshall were all in support of the federalist side. James Madison, along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, wrote The Federalist, a group of propaganda essays written for the New York newspapers. Besides social differences, economic differences also widened the gap between the antifederalists and the federalists. The poor antifederalists were in conflict with the rich federalists. Antifederalists, for instance, consisted of people who were in debt. The debtors feared a strong central government would make they pay off their debts. Also, antifederalists also did not want the states to establish laws regarding tariffs and navigation. Antifederalists were poor; therefore, they created worthless money to pay off their debts. On the other hand, the federalists were wealthy people who were of noble birth. They immensely disagreed with the antifederalist act...

SAP and Oracle difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAP and Oracle difference - Essay Example This paper discusses the potential differences between Oracle and SAP though analysis of their prime features, usage and functionality. Integration into user’s model: Oracle develops such products that have the capacity to be integrated with any kind of model from any vendor. This enables the vendors to develop the best system through a combination of Oracle products and their own models. One potential drawback of SAP ERP systems in comparison to Oracle is that the customers of SAP vendors are compelled to alter their corporate culture as per the working of SAP software. Scalability: The enterprise system offered by Oracle can easily account for over 1000 users at one time unlike the SAP ERP system can accommodate between 25 and 1000 users (Muhammadiev). This scalability is the result of huge granularity found in the modules of SAP. The scalability of Oracle is larger than that of SAP. Suitability: The suitability of SAP or Oracle also varies with the abundance of resources in a company. A company that has limited resources and time should prefer SAP products over Oracle. Oracle suits more to companies that have distinguished values because the competitive advantage that offers helps in the development of a unique system.

Disparities and Sentencing of African Americans Research Paper

Disparities and Sentencing of African Americans - Research Paper Example Since it is a very much controversial issue, my primary objective will be exploring the all the aspect of so called disparities and sentencing of the African American clan in the white's land and also calculating possibility and to answer the hypothesis that amount of time that this clan get for the same crime as whites. Since this research problem needs an in depth study and it give rise to some insights to the magnitude of the racism I'll formulate such research questions which help me to lead exploring the reality of the problem and if so, to analyze the measurements taken by the authorities against this issue. The questions will be, 1. What is the magnitude of the disparities being faced by African Americans 2. How the sentencing system differs between the African Americans and Caucasians 3. Whether the government has taken any actions against such disparities and sentencing 4. If so, to what extent 5. For how long the African Americans undergo such disparities in future 6. Whether there is any possibility that an African American get same crime as Caucasians 2Chapter 1 Background Since it is highly necessary to gather accurate information for giving an ample scope to my research problem, I will approach autonomous and governmental bodies like Bureau of Justice...Since this research problem needs an in depth study and it give rise to some insights to the magnitude of the racism I'll formulate such research questions which help me to lead exploring the reality of the problem and if so, to analyze the measurements taken by the authorities against this issue. The questions will be, Since it is highly necessary to gather accurate information for giving an ample scope to my research problem, I will approach autonomous and governmental bodies like Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Justice References Services. Collecting data from such bodies will help me to compare sentencing system with regard to Caucasians and African Americans .Further it will help me to assess the magnitude of the disparities occurring against the African Americans. By resorting to all these data I will formulate a time frame to calculate the amount of time the blacks get same crime as Caucasians. If adequate data is not available from these bodies I will approach other governmental bodies such as Federal Justice Statistics. Since the periodicals, Journals, publications etc. enumerate accurate information I will choose best of them.

Social issues in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social issues in canada - Essay Example As the nation has a lot of Catholic individuals, any kind of abortion was not tolerated. From 1969, abortion was permitted in the event when the life of a mother is said to be at risk. Illegal abortions were still done and in 1988, Dr. Henry Morgentaler, an abortionist was faced with abortion charges. Finally, the court ruled that the present abortion regulations in Canada epitomized an unconstitutional burden on women rights. This made the law to be upended (McCullough, 2014). Even though the Canadian Supreme Court allowed for other limits on abortion, the government of Canada has never approved any of the limits. Women in Canada are at liberty to abort and it is seen to be a degree of laxity that has not been seen in any part of the western world. The Canadian health care system is seen to be functioning properly and liked by most individuals for the services they provide. Since 1960s, the Canadian government started a slow process of removing out the profit making health clinics, hospitals and insurance. They were later replaced with universal, new and health care system funded by the government. Currently, every individual in Canada is offered comprehensive health insurance without requesting. This is done by the use of public health coverage plans that different provincial governments run (McCullough, 2014). It means that every Canadian individual does not need to pay for his/her medical bills or depend on their employers for any health insurance. A small amount on monthly premiums is charged by the government while it steps in to clear the majority of the bill for operations, check-ups and exams. It is not easy to maintain a health care system. Currently, many Canadian individuals need to purchase supplementary private health insurance required in paying for eye examinations, operations termed as non-essential by the government and dentist examinations. Likewise, hospitals in Canada mostly have a lot of patients because they are accessed easily. This

Origins of Cold War Essay Example for Free

Origins of Cold War Essay The Cold War was one of the most important historical events in the world, which had created a great impact that is still felt within the international community. The United States and the Soviet Union became the two most influential and powerful forces during this era. The relationship between the two former allies was anchored on political, ideological and economic interests, which at the end of the Second World War came as threats wherein developed bitterness and rivalry for power over the years (Hoesel, 1992). The Cold War which has been referred to as the period of â€Å"elusive peace† dictated that the United States of America as the world’s leading hegemonic power, with the defeat and disintegration of the Soviet Union at the end of the war. The Cold War indeed has been a conflict involving former allies, United States of America and the Soviet Union due to the difference in political ideologies held by the two superpowers (Nosotro, n.d).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference in political ideologies caused the development of animosity and hostility between United States and the Soviet bloc. The United States having been supportive of capitalism clashed with the communist Soviet Union (Nosotro, n.d). Although there had been no direct confrontation between the two world superpowers, indirect confrontations among the United States and Soviet allies were enough to assess the impact of the Cold War. Economic, political and military affairs of the two states and their allies underwent massive policy changes in order to keep abreast with the happenings during the Cold War. The â€Å"arms race† was one of the most important indirect military offensives that took place between United States and Soviet Union, both states trying to produce more sophisticated weapons ahead of the other. This in turn created a great impact on the two states’ economic and social services sectors (Kishlansky, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As such, the political allies of both United States and Soviet Union were also affected as both governments of the two states worked towards spreading influences in less developed countries. The series of decolonization became rampant and emphasized in regions such as Asia, Latin America, Africa and Middle East. And as such, the conflicts brought by the Cold War were instantly shifted and transmitted within these areas (â€Å"The Elusive Peace The Cold War,† 1992). References Hoesel, F.V. (1992). The Soviet Union and the United States. Soviet Archives Exhibit. Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/intro2.htmls Kishlansky, M. (2005) Civilization in the West, Volume C (since 1789), 7th edition. Nosotro, R. (n.d). The cold war. Hyperhistory. Retrieved August 23, 2008, from http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/big/w30coldwar.htm The elusive peace the cold war. (1992). History World International. Retrieved August 9, 2008, from http://history-world.org/coldwar.htm

Tennis Essay -- essays research papers

As we all know, America is a nation of sports enthusiasts. Most Americans participate is some kind of sporting event, either as a spectator or as a competitor. In the pantheon of great American sports, there is one that stands out. It has been called the great American pastime. Yes, that great sport known as tennis. Tennis requires a mastery of many skills to be able to play competitively, but the primary skill needed to win in tennis is the serve. The serve is the primary offensive weapon used I tennis, because it is the only time when a player gets to put a ball into play. The player controls the speed, the placement, and the spin of the ball. With proper procedure, the serve can win many points and games for the server. The technique I will demonstrate is used by most professional ten...

Addictions and Health Pamphlet Essay

Cal H. Henze, MA Psychology, MA Counseling, Braeside Dr. S.W., Calgary T2W 2V5 Living Well Counselling Services Inc. 4803 Centre Street NW, Ste 04, Calgary T2E 2Z6 Fresh Start Recovery Centre, 411 41 Avenue Northeast, Calgary, AB T2E 2N4 Alberta Adolescent Recovery Centre, 303 Forge Road Southeast, Calgary, AB T2H 0S9 Cal H. Henze, MA Psychology, MA Counseling, Braeside Dr. S.W., Calgary T2W 2V5 Living Well Counselling Services Inc. 4803 Centre Street NW, Ste 04, Calgary T2E 2Z6 Fresh Start Recovery Centre, 411 41 Avenue Northeast, Calgary, AB T2E 2N4 Alberta Adolescent Recovery Centre, 303 Forge Road Southeast, Calgary, AB T2H 0S9 See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Bibliography Nordqvist, C. (2009, march 09). Medical news today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/addiction/what-causes-addiction.php NIDA. (2011, November). Drug facts:understanding drug abuse and addiction [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-abuse-addiction Bibliography Nordqvist, C. (2009, march 09). Medical news today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/addiction/what-causes-addiction.php NIDA. (2011, November). Drug facts:understanding drug abuse and addiction [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-abuse-addiction Knowledge is power when knowing how to deal with addictions and protecting your mental health. Knowledge is power when knowing how to deal with addictions and protecting your mental health. Information is key. Information is key. Addictions & Mental Health Addictions & Mental Health Questions? Give Me A Shout Calgary, AB Phone: 403.777.6543 Questions? Give Me A Shout Calgary, AB Phone: 403.777.6543 Local Resources/ Treatment Centers Local Resources/ Treatment Centers If you answered yes to two or more of these questions than it is very possible that you may have an addiction. Although this quick checklist should not be used as a definite guideline in determining whether you have an addiction or not, use this to help better understand yourself and what you’re dealing with. If you or your peers seem to believe you may have an addiction, please try and receive a diagnosis to better determine what you’re dealing with. If you answered yes to two or more of these questions than it is very possible that you may have an addiction. Although this quick checklist should not be used as a definite guideline in determining whether you have an addiction or not, use this to help better understand yourself and what you’re dealing with. If you or your peers seem to believe you may have an addiction, please try and receive a diagnosis to better determine what you’re dealing with. Risks & Harms of Addictions When a brain becomes addicted to something, it increases the likelihood of developing a condition or disease. Not only this, but when a brain succumbs to addiction, it becomes more vulnerable to being addicted to future things or substances more easily. This is known as developing an addictive personality. Contributing Causes to Addictions Many people may be swift to say that all addictions are developed by addictive substances within drugs or other products resulting in someone having no control in becoming neurologically addicted, but that is not always the case. Addictions may be cause by repeated use of something that does not contain any truly addictive substances. This is because the brain  experiences pleasure (a form of a â€Å"natural high† or reward), when committing an action such as gambling or playing video games. Over time the brain becomes addicted to this natural sense of enjoyment or adrenaline rush. Do you display symptoms of addiction? Do you feel obligated to either use a substance or commit an action? And without this substance or action you feel either empty or in pain? Has your common routine been affected consistently by this action or substance? Have relationships with friends and family been affected? Do you not feel as if you have to power to stop at any time? Has this brought arm either to yourself or others around you? Risks & Harms of Addictions When a brain becomes addicted to something, it increases the likelihood of developing a condition or disease. Not only this, but when a brain succumbs to addiction, it becomes more vulnerable to being addicted to future things or substances more easily. This is known as developing an addictive personality. Contributing Causes to Addictions Many people may be swift to say that all addictions are developed by addictive substances within drugs or other products resulting in someone having no control in becoming neurologically addicted, but that is not always the case. Addictions may be cause by repeated use of something that does not contain any truly addictive substances. This is because the brain experiences pleasure (a form of a â€Å"natural high† or reward), when committing an action such as gambling or playing video games. Over time the brain becomes addicted to this natural sense of enjoyment or adrenaline rush. Do you display symptoms of addiction? Do you feel obligated to either use a substance or commit an action? And without this substance or action you feel either empty or in pain? Has your common routine been affected consistently by this action or substance? Have relationships with friends and family been affected? Do you not feel as if you have to power to stop at any time? Has this brought arm either to yourself or others around you? What is an addiction? When determining whether someone may have an addiction or not many people quickly jump to assume that an addiction is only relative to drugs or alcohol, but that is not the case. Addictions may include anything such as gambling to seemingly harmless products, such as chocolate and video games. Whether it is video games, or drugs, an addiction consists of someone no longer having control over what they are doing. They have either developed a dependence on this action/use or have the inability to stop. At this point the addiction may reach a point at which it is extremely detrimental to an individual. What is an addiction? When determining whether someone may have an addiction or not many people quickly jump to assume that an addiction is only relative to drugs or alcohol, but that is not the case. Addictions may include anything such as gambling to seemingly harmless products, such as chocolate and video games. Whether it is video games, or drugs, an addiction consists of someone no longer having control over what they are doing. They have either developed a dependence on this action/use or have the inability to stop. At this point the addiction may reach a point at which it is extremely detrimental to an individual.

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay

Eleanor Roosevelt will always be remembered in history as the first woman to make a difference in the status of first lady. She was born in 1884 and died in 1962 and all through her life showed tremendous courage in facing what happened to her. Her childhood may be seen as having influenced her later life. It is considered to have been influential in shaping her life and her approach towards the problems evident in society. She was born in a very wealthy family because both sides of her family were very wealthy and also renowned families. However, her adult life defied the expectations of her class in society. She did not behave as the rest of her class members did. She did what they would not do due to their status in society. She was born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to Anna Hall and Elliot Roosevelt in New York. Her mother was famous for her beauty and was disappointed in Eleanor’s looks because she was not as beautiful or graceful as she wanted her to be. As a result, they did not become close in the short time they spent together. Her father was the younger brother to President Theodore who later actually gave Eleanor in her wedding since her parents were already dead by then (http://www. pbs. rg). Her mother died in 1892 when Eleanor was only 8 years old. Her relationship with her father was a bit better because he did not criticize her looks. They were however not very close because of marital problems experienced between him and Anna and hence ended up not communicating a lot with Eleanor. After the death of her mother, she moved in with her maternal grandmother and hence, instead of closing the rift between her and her father this ended up widening it. He died in 1894 when she was 10 years old due to drinking related problems. His behavior had led to his being disowned by his family. She had private tutors until the age of 15 when she joined Allenwood a finishing school where she met her mentor Madame Marie Sourvesre. She traveled all over Europe with her and she was the one who taught Eleanor â€Å"the lifestyle of an independent woman† (PBS 1999). She returned to New York at the age of 18. She became a social worker and it is at this time that she met Franklin Delano Roosevelt who was her fifth cousin. She got married in March 17, 1905 to Franklin D. Roosevelt. She introduced him to the world of poor people during their courtship when she was working as a social worker. Due to her the emotional problems she faced in her childhood as a result of the lack of affection from both her mother and father, she was able to give unto others unconditional love regardless of their status in life. She was also greatly affected by the constant reference people made in regards to beauty and the fact that she knew she was not a great beauty. This was carried on even in her engagement where she was not sure if she could maintain a marriage to her husband who was handsome where she whereas she was plain (http://www. drlibrary. marist. edu). She had very many accomplishments that started early in life even before her status as first lady. Although earlier in life she had not been interested in politics, she later became interested because she did not want to seem ignorant among her peers. The presence of her domineering mother-in-law led to her having more time to dedicate to her functions because her 6 children were watched by Sarah the mother-in-law. She wanted to continue having the status that she had achieved under the tutelage of Madame Souvestre. She felt that as long as she was around Sarah she would not be able to accomplish what she wanted to and so would involve herself in many activities in order to escape her (http://www. fdrlibrary. marist. edu). During World War 1, she volunteered both in the American Red Cross and also in the Navy hospitals. She worked tirelessly to help those afflicted by the war even though she did not like the war or even the idea of war. In 1920, she became an active member of the women’s suffrage movement. In an effort to fight for women and also enlighten them on their rights, she joined the League of Women Voters and became the vice president of its New York branch. In this group, she was able to encourage women to become voters and fought for the right of women to vote. The law allowing women to vote was passed in 1920. This was also made possible by the Women’s Division of the Democratic Party of which she was also a member. She was also a member of the Women’s Trade Union League which looked into the working conditions of women and fought for the improvement of the same. It also fought for the acceptance of women in the employment field. She was very concerned about women issues and would fight for them in any way possible. She also went ahead to establish Todhunter which was a private school for girls only. She co-owned it with her friend and became its assistant principal and also a teacher of history yet she had no formal certificate. She did this because she had admired Souvestre and wanted to follow in her footsteps. This happened in 1927. In 1918, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was discovered by Eleanor to be having an affair with her social secretary Mercer. She discovered love letters between the two. She threatened him with divorce if he did not end the affair. He promised he would and hence saved the marriage albeit his mother was involved. Although the marriage was saved, Eleanor became a different woman who channeled her energies to many situations that both took her time and also enlightened her more to women’s independence. It is also at this time that she joined the various women organizations and became very close to the women she was working with. In 1921, Franklin suffered from poliomyelitis which left paralyzed in both legs and his mother advised him to become a recluse. She wanted him to remain in Hyde-Park but Eleanor encouraged him to keep interested in politics. He took her advice and Eleanor would act as his informant gathering information from the citizens and giving it to him and discussing the various issues with him. He appeared in public on crutches in 1924 to nominate Governor Alfred E. Smith for president. This was all Eleanor’s doing because she was the one who encouraged him (Lash J. P. Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). In the process of becoming his eyes and ears, on the ground, she ended up becoming an independent woman and this helped her deal with the hurt of her husband’s infidelity. She realized there was a problem of unemployment and this led her to form the Val-Kill furniture factory. This was in New York and its aim was to provide employment especially to those who were suffering from unemployment yet could learn skills that would provide an income for them. Later on the industry widened its activities to involve weaving and also pewter work. This impressed her husband very much and in the long run encouraged her to spend more and more time there. Franklin through her encouragement ran for governorship of New York and he was elected in 1928. He served in office up to 1933. In all this time, Eleanor would help him make legislations that were progressive. She did this by ensuring that she corresponded with the New York residents an understood their problems. She would also travel very much and in these travels would inspect the state institutions and report to Franklin what was going on and in what ways the issues could be resolved. Her work is what led to the re-election of her husband as a governor for a second term and also his nomination to become president. This is because he sued the information she had gathered to help improve the lives of the common people. Franklin became president in March 4 1933 and consequently Eleanor became America’s first lady. She did not approach this situation confidently since she was apprehensive on its impact in her life as an independent woman. Despite this, she adapted to the role quickly and actually went down in history as the longest serving first lady because Franklin was president from 1933-1945. Once she became first lady, she continued providing various opportunities for women she did this by holding press conferences where only female reporters were invited. It is through these conferences that she kept the public informed about the policies in the white house especially the New Deal which was supposed to help in the recovery from the depression (http://www. lkwdpl. org). In line with the effects of the depression, she persuaded FDR to create the National Youth Administration. This organization was supposed to help young people who due to the effects of the depression could either not join or complete their studies. They could only manage to do this if they had jobs which in turn affected their studies. She became the adviser to those who held the administration posts and also spoke on behalf of the program. She was also involved with the American Youth Congress which was also concerned with matters of the youth. She got involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This is because she no longer held the view of white supremacy and viewed everyone as equals. She understood the plight of the black people in America and worked hard to ensure their rights were recognized and respected. She also worked with the National Council of Negro Women to help the black women. Her stand was made clear when she resigned from being a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1939 because they had refused to allow Marian Anderson, who was a musician, to perform at Constitution Hall (http://www. pbs. org). At this time, the Second World War was starting off and although she detested war, she became involved in it because her sons were fighting in the war. During this time, she made numerous visits to England and also to the South Pacific. This she did in order to promote the good-will that was there among the allies. She also visited the United States troops that were abroad in order to boost their confidence and lift their spirits. She worked to rally civilian volunteerism to which she had been appointed as assistant director of the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) a post to which she had been appointed by Franklin. She however resigned from it later on due to complaints made about the people she appointed to work with her. FDR died in April 12 1945 and although she had assumed that her public life was over, she was proved wrong by the then president Harry S. Truman. He appointed her as a delegate in the United States Delegation to the United Nation’s General Assembly. In this capacity, she worked hard to ensure that the issues that pertained to social, humanitarian and cultural issues were dealt with. She held this position up to 1953 when she resigned. In this period, she was also the chairman of the Human Rights Commission and it is during her tenure that the Declaration of Human Rights was drafted. The declaration was adopted by the General Assembly on 10th December 1948. Her greatest achievement can be said to be the Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration emphasized the equality of all people regardless of their race, creed, color or gender. It therefore protected the way people that Eleanor had spent her whole life trying to protect and also improve their lives. It declared the right to life, liberty and equality to all people. It therefore meant that the poor, minorities and the disadvantaged were to be treated the same as those who were previously deemed to be superior. Through it, she was able to help the blacks, the women and those who were poor (Lash J. P. Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). In the same year of 1948, she helped in the establishment of the state of Israel. This she did because she had always been sympathetic to the experience of the Jews at the hands of Adolph Hitler during the Second World War. She did not harbor ill feelings towards the Jews as did the rest of the upper-class. She also provided her help because she viewed herself first and foremost as a United Nations delegate whose work was to promote peace the world over. As a UN delegate, she also tried to establish negotiations with the Soviet Union although she was very cautious. This failed because they did not respect the Human Rights Declaration. From 1953, she volunteered as a member of the American Association for the United Nations. She did this in the capacity of a representative to the World Federation of United Nations. Later on she became the chairman of the Associations’ Board of Directors. John F. Kennedy reappointed her to the United States Delegation to United Nation in 1961. He also appointed her as a member of the National Advisory Committee of the Peace Corps and also the chairman of the President’s Commission on the status of women. She took on these responsibilities gladly as she was well versed with the operations of each (http://www. bs. org). In her lifetime, she had been involved in writing a daily column in the paper, which started in 1935 up to a few days prior to her death in 1962. This column was called â€Å"My Day†. She also started some question and answer column in the newspapers. She managed to write several books during her lifetime which are: This Is My Story (1937), This I Remember (1950), On My Own (1958), and Tomorrow Is Now (1963). Her last book was produced post humously and in it she praised Franklin for the social reforms he had put in place. She died in Nov 7 1962 and thus did not see it published. She was a lady who affected the western civilization in many ways. She proved that a woman can be able to perform remarkably in politics while still maintaining her dignity. The fact that she was able to accept every person regardless of their status in life led to the formation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration opened the people’s eyes to the fact that all human beings are equal even if they come from different areas in life. She established that one has to be able to deal with what they cannot change and should not be judged by what is beyond their power to correct or change (Lash J. P.  Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). She also exhibited that regardless of how high and mighty one’s family may be and also despite the wealth they have, anyone can be able to make a difference in the lives of those who are victimized and destitute. The western people held a lot of prejudice towards Jews and blacks and she went a long way to try and bridge the gap that existed by not having such prejudices. She also set the role that the other first ladies in America and world over ought to follow. They are not supposed to just sit back and watch what their husbands do but instead should get involved and learn as much as possible and help them out. On the question of how she affected the society, she did a lot to help women get the right to vote. She also encouraged the women to seek employment and provided any opportunity possible to women to ensure that they succeeded. She was also very concerned about the youth and their education. She valued education and ensured that through the formation of the National Youth Association that the American youth would be able to access quality formal education without the problems of having to search for a job. The various trips she made to meet the common man made her understand the problems that they faced everyday. She got to understand the impact of unemployment and also that of the Great Depression. She would give this information to Franklin and also suggest the various ways in which he could help solve the problems (http://www. pbs. org). The creation of the Val-Kill was intended to provide employment to those in New York who needed it yet could not get it. She therefore helped uplift the living standards of many Americans by providing employment and also avenues through which they could provide employment for themselves and for others. The face of the government changed from her time to include more women. The fact that women become voters meant that more women had chances of being voted in because they were voted in by their fellow women. She proved that women can be very good politicians and diplomats. As a U. N delegate she kept making attempts to bring about negotiations between America and the Soviet Union. Although she never succeeded in bridging this gap, she tried her best.

How to Use the Preposition On

How to Use the Preposition On The preposition on has many uses in English. This page summarizes the uses of on as a preposition and provides examples for each type of use. Important prepositional phrases with on are used to introduce and connect ideas are also listed with appropriate examples. In Time Expressions On is used as a preposition in time expressions with specific days of the week. Note: on the weekend is used in American English, but at the weekend or at weekends is used in British English. I will see you on Thursday.Peter usually walks to work on Fridays. Places On is used flat surfaces both big and small. We played football on the field.The book is on the table over there. On is used with planets. The most common usage is on earth, but other planets take on as well. You will find a wide variety of life on earth.So far, life has not been discovered on Saturn. Movement: Onto Sometimes on is confused with onto. The preposition on indicates that something is already in the position. Onto indicates a movement from one place onto to surface of some type. The book is on the table. But Pete took the book out of his backpack and put it onto the table.Could you move those clothes onto the sofa? On Foot On foot is an exception to stating how something moves with by. For example, I went there by boat, by plane or by car. BUT I went there on foot. She left her home and went to town on foot.Jennifer prefers to go shopping on foot. On Balance On balance is used to summarize a situation. On balance, we need to look for new business soon.We decided that, on balance, it didnt make sense to invest in new product development. On Condition On condition is used to establish something that must be done in order for something else to happen. On condition can be used in place of if. Well send our daughter to Europe this summer on condition that she gets good grades this semester.On condition that you finish this assignment, I will let you stay out late on Saturday. On Ones Own On ones own refers to an action that is done by yourself. Time doesnt like to spend much time on his own. Hed rather be with people.Mary was proud of having paid for her studies on her own. On the Contrary On the contrary is used to link ideas showing an opposing point of view. On the contrary, I believe that it will be impossible to succeed in this market.You might think Wilma is a great employee. On the contrary, she isnt very effective. On the Other Hand On the other hand is used when showing both the positive and the negative aspects of a situation. Wed think there is a lot of potential to the idea. On the other hand, its certainly a risky proposition.On the other hand, if you dont spend more time on your homework your grades will get worse. On the Way On the way indicates that something is physically located on the path to somewhere else. On the way can also be used in a figurative sense to indicate that something happened during the course of another action. Lets meet at the school on the way to the park.He happened to meet a lot of great people on the way to his success. On the Whole On the whole is used to summarize an opinion or discussion. On the whole, I think you will agree that our position in the market is excellent.On the whole, Jack thinks its a good idea to hire some new employees. On Time vs In Time On time means that you have arrived somewhere at the agreed upon time. In time indicates that you have done something within the appropriate amount of time. I arrived at the meeting on time. vs. I finished the report in time for the meeting.She picked us up at the airport on time. vs. Janice gave her recommendations in time for us to make an informed decision.

Constitution and articles of confederation essays

Constitution and articles of confederation essays The constitution of the United States was written to correct weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. The articles were introduced in 1777 and this gave the power to individual states. The problem of the Articles of Confederation was that it limited the power to central government. This meant that the congress had no power to tax. The congress gave all the authority to the states over and left it with no power over the nations economic affairs. The main weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation are that it legislated for states but not for individuals. Congress had no power to tax or regulate trade. It lacked power to control commerce. And it was too difficult to change any of the articles. Then the Constitution was put into place 1787 to overthrow the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution put far more powers into Congress. It gave the congress power to tax, borrow coin money, regulate commerce and raise armed forces that were needed. Most of the power came in the expense of the states, which were no longer allowed to pass tariffs or issue money. The government got the right to declare state laws unconstitutional. But the Constitution did not leave the central government too powerful. They put internal and external restraints on the government. The Constitution divided the government into three branches the executive, legislative and judicial. This was set so that no one part of the government can have too much po wer. It was a system of checks and balances where one branch can check on the other. The Constitution granted power on taxes and armed forces, gave the power to states and government instead of just to the states. Changed from a bicameral from a unicameral system. Originally every state had equal representation but the bicameral system sets up two houses. The Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate gives representation to the states and the House of Representatives gives membership that depends on po...

Baking Ingredient Substitutions Table

Baking Ingredient Substitutions Table Do you need to replace one ingredient with another in a recipe? Apply a bit of cooking chemistry to save your project.  This is a table of ingredient substitutions that you can make when baking. Changing the ingredient may affect the taste and texture of your recipe slightly, but this list should help prevent major differences. ammonium bicarbonate - 3/4 teaspoon1 tsp baking soda baking powder (single-acting) - 1 teaspoon1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon cornstarch baking powder (double-acting) - 1 teaspoon1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon cornstarch. Use 1 tsp for every 1 cup of flour. baking soda - 1/2 teaspoon2 teaspoons double-acting baking powder (replace the acidic liquid in recipe with non-acidic liquid) baking soda - 1/2 teaspoon1/2 teaspoon potassium bicarbonate buttermilk - 1 cup (240 ml)1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup (240 ml) (let mixture stand 5-10 minutes)more buttermilk recipes cake flour - 1 cup (130 grams)3/4 cup (105 grams) all purpose flour plus 2 tablespoons (30 grams) cornstarch cake flour - 1/3 cup1/3 cup all-purpose flour less 1/2 teaspoon chocolate (bittersweet or semi-sweet) - 1 ounce (30 grams)1/2 ounce (15 grams) unsweetened chocolate plus 1 tablespoon (15 grams) granulated sugar chocolate (unsweetened) - 1 ounce (30 grams)3 tablespoons (20 grams) natural cocoa powder (not Dutch-processed) plus 1 tablespoon (14 grams) unsalted butter, shortening, or vegetable oil cocoa powder, Dutch-Processed - 3 tablespoons (20 grams)1 ounce (30 grams) unsweetened chocolate plus 1/8 teaspoon baking soda. Also reduce fat in recipe by 1 tablespoon. cocoa powder, natural unsweetened - 1 ounce (30 grams) unsweetened chocolate. Also reduce fat in recipe by 1 tablespoon. coffee, strong - 1/4 cup (60 ml)2 tablespoons (10 grams) instant coffee in 3 tablespoons hot water corn syrup, dark - 1 cup (240 ml)3/4 cup (180 ml) light corn syrup plus 1/4 cup (60 ml) light molasses corn syrup, light - 1 cup (240 ml)1 cup (200 grams) granulated white sugar (increase the liquid in the recipe by 1/4 cup or 60 ml) cornstarch (for thickening) - 1 tablespoon (15 grams)2 tablespoons (25 grams) all purpose flour cream of tartar - 1/2 teaspoon1/2 teaspoon white vinegar or lemon juice cream - half-and-half - 1 cup (240 ml)7/8 cup (210 ml) whole milk plus 2 tablespoons (25 grams) melted unsalted butter cream, heavy (not for whipping) - 1 cup (240 ml)2/3 cup (160 ml) whole milk plus 1/3 cup (75 grams) melted unsalted butter flour, self-rising - 1 cup (140 grams)1 cup (140 grams) all-purpose flour plus 1-1/2 teaspoons baking powder plus 1/4 teaspoon salt flour, whole wheat - 1 cup (150 grams)7/8 cup (120 grams) all-purpose flour plus 2 tablespoon (6 grams) wheat germ honey - 1 cup (240 ml)3/4 cup (180 ml) light or dark corn syrup plus 1/2 cup (100 grams) granulated sugar lard - 1/2 cup (113 grams)1/2 cup (113 grams) solid vegetable shortening lard - 1/2 cup (113 grams)1/2 cup (113 grams) plus 1 tablespoon (14 grams) unsalted butter marshmallow cream - 2.5 ounces8 large marshmallows or 1 cup miniature marshmallows milk (sweetened condensed) - 14 ounce can (396 grams)blend 1 cup instant nonfat dry milk plus 2/3 cup (135 grams) granulated sugar plus 3 tablespoons (35 grams) melted unsalted butter plus 1/2 cup (120 ml) boiling water milk (evaporated whole) - 1 cup (240 ml)1 cup (240 ml) half half milk (whole) - 1 cup (240 ml)1 cup (240 ml) skim milk plus 2 tablespoons (25 grams) melted butter or margarine molasses - 1 cup (240 ml)1 cup (240 ml) dark corn syrup sour cream - 1 cup (225 grams or 8 ounces)1 cup plain yogurt sour cream - 1 cup (225 grams or 8 ounces)1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus whole milk to fill 1 cup (240 ml) tapioca, instant or quick-cooking - 1 tablespoon (12 grams)1-1/2 tablespoons (20 grams) flour vinegar - 1/4 cup (60 ml)1/3 cup (80 ml) freshly squeezed lemon juice yogurt, plain - 1 cup (225 g)1 cup (225) sour cream